The implementation of multi-crack recognition requires a theoretical basis from single-crack failure results. This study investigates the spatial distribution pattern of microcracks in single-crack-damaged coal specimens subjected to uniaxial compression. The distribution mechanism of the induced microcracks is analysed in terms of macrocracks and stress states. Gaussian and Weibull distributions are selected to explore the spatial distribution of microcracks, and quantile–quantile plots are used to study the probability density plots. The results show that the updated data better demonstrate the distribution characteristics of the ellipsoid shape visually, and the microcracks are observed to converge near the envelope. Linear distribution features are found in the scattered points of the quantile–quantile plots. The goodness-of-fit tests indicate that both Gaussian and Weibull distributions can be assigned to describe the microcrack distribution on the new axis. The probability density distribution results show that the shape is preferred to obey Gaussian distribution, whereas Weibull distribution exhibits a greater possibility of shape variation. The study results can enhance the existing knowledge on crack spatial distribution of acoustic emission positioning results associated with rock materials. In addition, the statistical results can interpret the cracks by recognising them with a specified distribution pattern.

多裂纹识别的实现需要单裂纹失效结果的理论基础。本研究调查了单轴压缩煤样单裂纹损伤后微裂纹的空间分布规律。从宏观裂纹和应力状态两方面分析了诱发微裂纹的分布机制。选择高斯和威布尔分布来探索微裂纹的空间分布，并使用分位数-分位数图来研究概率密度图。结果表明，更新后的数据在视觉上更好地展示了椭球形状的分布特征，观察到微裂纹在包络线附近收敛。在分位数-分位数图的散点中发现线性分布特征。拟合优度检验表明，高斯分布和威布尔分布都可以用来描述新轴上的微裂纹分布。概率密度分布结果表明形状优先服从高斯分布，而 Weibull 分布表现出更大的形状变化可能性。研究结果可以增强现有关于岩石材料声发射定位结果裂缝空间分布的知识。此外，统计结果可以通过以指定的分布模式识别裂缝来解释裂缝。