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The functiona l analysis of the dihydroflavonol 4 reductase family of Camellia sinensis: exploiting the key amino acids to reco nstruct the reduction activity
Horticulture Research ( IF 8.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-22 , DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac098
Haixiang Ruan 1, 2 , Xingxing Shi 1, 3 , Liping Gao 2 , Arif Rashid 2 , Yan Li 2 , Ting Lei 2 , Xinlong Dai 3 , Tao Xia 1 , Yunsheng Wang 1, 2
Affiliation  

Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins (PAs) are important components of flavonoids, secondary metabolites in plants with a wide range of industrial and pharmaceutical applications. DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) is a pivotal enzyme which plays an important role in the flavonoid pathway. Here, four CsDFRs genes were isolated from Camellia sinensis and their overexpression were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Based on transcription and metabolic analyses, the CsDFRs expression is closely consistent with catechins and PAs accumulation. Moreover, the enzyme activity analyses revealed that the two recombinant proteins CsDFRa and CsDFRc exhibited DFR activity, which converts dihydroflavonols into leucocyanidin in vitro, but not CsDFRb1 and CsDFRb3. CsDFRa and CsDFRc overexpression in AtDFR mutants (tt3) revealed that CsDFRs are involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and PAs, as CsDFRa and CsDFRc not only restored the petiole purple phenotype, but also the seed coat color. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the two amino acid residues S117 and T123 of CsDFRa play a prominent role in controlling DFR reductase activity. Enzymatic assays indicated that CsDFRa and CsDFRc exhibited a higher affinity for DHQ and DHK, respectively, whereas CsDFRb1N120S and CsDFRb1C126T exhibited a higher affinity for DHM. Our findings present comprehensive characterization of the DFRs from C. sinensis and shed light on their critical role in metabolic engineering.

中文翻译:

茶树二氢黄酮醇4还原酶家族的功能分析:利用关键氨基酸重构还原活性

花青素和原花青素 (PAs) 是黄酮类化合物的重要成分,黄酮类化合物是植物中的次级代谢产物,具有广泛的工业和制药应用。DFR(二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶)是一种关键酶,在类黄酮途径中起重要作用。在这里,从茶树中分离出四个 CsDFRs 基因,并在体外和体内分析了它们的过表达。基于转录和代谢分析,CsDFRs 表达与儿茶素和 PAs 积累密切相关。此外,酶活性分析显示,两种重组蛋白 CsDFRa 和 CsDFRc 具有 DFR 活性,可在体外将二氢黄酮醇转化为无色花青素,但 CsDFRb1 和 CsDFRb3 不具有 DFR 活性。AtDFR 突变体 (tt3) 中的 CsDFRa 和 CsDFRc 过表达表明 CsDFRs 参与了花青素和 PA 的生物合成,因为 CsDFRa 和 CsDFRc 不仅恢复了叶柄紫色表型,而且恢复了种皮颜色。定点诱变表明,CsDFRa 的两个氨基酸残基 S117 和 T123 在控制 DFR 还原酶活性中起重要作用。酶学分析表明,CsDFRa 和 CsDFRc 分别对 DHQ 和 DHK 表现出更高的亲和力,而 CsDFRb1N120S 和 CsDFRb1C126T 对 DHM 表现出更高的亲和力。我们的研究结果全面描述了 C. sinensis 的 DFR,并阐明了它们在代谢工程中的关键作用。定点诱变表明,CsDFRa 的两个氨基酸残基 S117 和 T123 在控制 DFR 还原酶活性中起重要作用。酶学分析表明,CsDFRa 和 CsDFRc 分别对 DHQ 和 DHK 表现出更高的亲和力,而 CsDFRb1N120S 和 CsDFRb1C126T 对 DHM 表现出更高的亲和力。我们的研究结果全面描述了 C. sinensis 的 DFR,并阐明了它们在代谢工程中的关键作用。定点诱变表明,CsDFRa 的两个氨基酸残基 S117 和 T123 在控制 DFR 还原酶活性中起重要作用。酶学分析表明,CsDFRa 和 CsDFRc 分别对 DHQ 和 DHK 表现出更高的亲和力,而 CsDFRb1N120S 和 CsDFRb1C126T 对 DHM 表现出更高的亲和力。我们的研究结果全面描述了 C. sinensis 的 DFR,并阐明了它们在代谢工程中的关键作用。
更新日期:2022-04-22
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