Optical mesoscale imaging is a rapidly developing field that allows the visualisation of larger samples than is possible with standard light microscopy, and fills a gap between cell and organism resolution. It spans from advanced fluorescence imaging of micrometric cell clusters to centimetre-size complete organisms. However, with larger volume specimens, new problems arise. Imaging deeper into tissues at high resolution poses challenges ranging from optical distortions to shadowing from opaque structures. This manuscript discusses the latest developments in mesoscale imaging and highlights limitations, namely labelling, clearing, absorption, scattering, and also sample handling. We then focus on approaches that seek to turn mesoscale imaging into a more quantitative technique, analogous to quantitative tomography in medical imaging, highlighting a future role for digital and physical phantoms as well as artificial intelligence.

中文翻译：

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光学 3D 中尺度成像的挑战和进展

光学中尺度成像是一个快速发展的领域，它允许对比标准光学显微镜更大的样本进行可视化，并填补了细胞和生物体分辨率之间的空白。它涵盖从微米级细胞簇的高级荧光成像到厘米大小的完整生物体。然而，对于更大体积的样本，会出现新的问题。以高分辨率对组织进行更深入的成像带来了挑战，从光学失真到不透明结构的阴影。这份手稿讨论了中尺度成像的最新发展，并强调了局限性，即标记、清除、吸收、散射以及样品处理。然后，我们专注于寻求将中尺度成像转变为更定量技术的方法，类似于医学成像中的定量断层扫描，