Recent advances in digitalization and increasing integration of international markets are paving the way for a new generation of firms to use non-traditional entry modes that are largely marginalized in previous entry mode studies. While extant research revolves around the level of resource commitment and control in foreign activities, non-traditional modes are encapsulated by the extent of embeddedness required for exploring new and/or exploiting existing resources. In particular, we draw attention to four such categories of non-traditional entry modes the literature has touched on, i.e., capital access, innovation outposts, virtual presence, and the managed ecosystem. We explore the key attributes, antecedents, and strategic implications of these modes. Our paper highlights the need for enriching current entry mode research by considering a broader range of entry mode activities available to firms as well as employing new theoretical perspectives to understand the complex phenomena of internationalization.

数字化的最新进展和国际市场日益一体化正在为新一代企业使用非传统进入模式铺平道路，这些模式在以前的进入模式研究中基本上被边缘化了。虽然现有研究围绕外国活动的资源承诺和控制水平展开，但非传统模式被探索新资源和/或开发现有资源所需的嵌入程度所概括。特别是，我们提请注意文献中提到的四类非传统进入模式，即资本获取、创新前哨、虚拟存在和受管理的生态系统。我们探讨了这些模式的关键属性、前因和战略意义。