Light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskites have undergone rapid development in recent years and can now offer external quantum efficiencies of over 23%. However, the practical application of such devices is still limited by a number of factors, including the poor efficiency of blue-emitting devices, difficulty in accessing emission wavelengths above 800 nm, a decrease in external quantum efficiency at high current density, a lack of understanding of the effect of the electric field on mobile ions present in the perovskite materials, and short device lifetimes. Here we review the development of perovskite light-emitting diodes. We examine the key challenges involved in creating efficient and stable devices, and consider methods to alleviate the poor efficiency of blue-emitting devices, leverage emission in the long infrared region and create spin-polarized light-emitting diodes.

基于卤化物钙钛矿的发光二极管近年来发展迅速，现在可以提供超过 23% 的外部量子效率。然而，此类器件的实际应用仍然受到诸多因素的限制，包括蓝光器件效率低、难以获得 800 nm 以上的发射波长、高电流密度下外量子效率下降、缺乏了解电场对钙钛矿材料中存在的移动离子的影响以及较短的器件寿命。在这里，我们回顾了钙钛矿发光二极管的发展。我们研究了创建高效和稳定设备所涉及的关键挑战，并考虑了减轻蓝色发射设备效率低下的方法，