Abstract—

We studied automorphic forest-steppe Luvic and Haplic Chernozems (Siltic/Clayic, Pachic) of the southern part of the Central Russian Upland (Belgorod region), which were covered with broadleaved forest vegetation at different times (from 25 to 75 years ago). The studies were carried out on an overgrowing fallow and the adjacent maple–ash shelterbelt and on an area of growth of a natural oak forest towards the virgin meadow steppe. The line of effervescence in the soil profiles descended by 12–25 cm during 60–75 years of the growth of forest vegetation on Chernozems. The average rate of carbonate carbon leaching from a 2-m soil layer reached 5 t/ha per decade. The humus horizon thickness increased by 7–13 cm. A decrease in the organic carbon storage was observed in the soil profiles during the first 25–30 years of the development of Chernozems under forest vegetation; in the following decades, the organic carbon storage increased. The soil organic matter in the upper part of the profiles (0–40 cm) was directionally enriched with fulvic acids, while the opposite tendency of an increase in the content of humic acids was observed in the middle part of the profiles (40–80 cm). The clay mobility increased in the Chernozems under forest vegetation, which is proved by an increase in the content of silty infillings in the studied chronosequence of Chernozems under tree stands of different ages (from 25 to 60–75 years) and by the appearance of clay–humus cutans in the soils under forest vegetation. The direction and staging of changes characterize the evolutionary transformation of Chernozems over time under the impact of forest vegetation. Soil changes were caused by changes in vegetation from herbaceous (meadow-steppe) to forest and the resulting changes in the hydrothermal regimes of soil formation. The staging of soil changes could be determined by the vegetation succession changes coupled with corresponding changes in the soil regimes in microclimatic conditions.

中文翻译：

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森林植被下黑钙土演化的早期阶段（别尔哥罗德州）

摘要-

我们研究了俄罗斯中部高地（别尔哥罗德地区）南部的自形森林草原 Luvic 和 Haplic Chernozems（Siltic/Clayic，Pachic），它们在不同时期（从 25 到 75 年前）被阔叶林植被覆盖。这些研究是在一片过度生长的休耕地和邻近的枫树灰防护林带上进行的，以及在一片天然橡树林向原始草甸草原生长的区域上进行的。在黑钙土森林植被生长的 60-75 年期间，土壤剖面中的泡腾线下降了 12-25 厘米。碳酸盐碳从 2 米土壤层中的平均浸出速率达到每十年 5 吨/公顷。腐殖质层厚度增加了 7-13 厘米。在森林植被下的黑钙土发展的前 25-30 年，土壤剖面中的有机碳储存量下降；在接下来的几十年里，有机碳的储存量增加了。剖面上部（0-40 cm）土壤有机质定向富集富里酸，而剖面中部（40-80 cm）腐殖酸含量呈相反增加趋势。厘米）。森林植被下黑钙土的粘土流动性增加，这可以通过不同年龄（从 25 到 60-75 年）树下黑钙土的研究时间序列中粉质填充物含量的增加和粘土的出现来证明– 森林植被下土壤中的腐殖质cutans。变化的方向和阶段表征了黑钙土在森林植被影响下随时间的进化转变。土壤变化是由从草本（草甸草原）到森林的植被变化以及由此产生的土壤形成的水热状态变化引起的。土壤变化的阶段可以通过植被演替变化以及小气候条件下土壤状况的相应变化来确定。