Water is one of the important environmental factors affecting the quality and quantity of Rosa × damascena Herrm. essential oil. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the quality, quantity, and antibacterial/antifungal activity of R. × Damascena essential oil in fields under irrigation treatments such as treated wastewater and well water at the University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. In each field, flowers (sepals and petals) were collected from different bushes in May 2019, coinciding with the beginning of buds opening. After extracting the essential oil by water distillation using the Clevenger apparatus, the analysis and identification of the compounds were performed by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The antibacterial/antifungal activity of the essential oils was evaluated by determining the diameter of the inhibition zone by the agar diffusion method and determining the minimum concentration of growth inhibitor and bactericidal/fungal lethality. The results of quantitative analysis of essential oil showed that the highest yield belonged to R. × damascena irrigated with treated wastewater with a value of 0.1527 ± 0.0045%. Based on the results of the analysis of chemical compounds, citronellol (32.38%), geraniol (12.86%), nonadecane (10.14%), and heneicosane (6.16%) were the predominant compounds of R. × damascena essential oil under irrigation with treated wastewater and geraniol (17.81%), citronellol (17.67%), nonadecane (12.87%), heptadecane (5.60%), and heneicosane (5.44%) were the predominant compounds of R. × damascena essential oil under irrigation with well water. The strongest inhibitory and lethal activity of R. × damascena essential oil under treated wastewater irrigation was against Gram-negatives Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC<15.63 μg/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC=62.50 μg/mL) which were twice as strong as control antibiotics such as rifampin and nystatin. Therefore, it can be found that irrigation with treated wastewater increases the quantity and quality, and antimicrobial activity of R. × damascena essential oil against many microbial strains, which can be a possible option to produce high-quality essential oil for treating infectious diseases.

水是影响罗莎×大马士革鲱鱼质量和数量的重要环境因素之一。香精油。本研究旨在评估和比较伊朗卡尚卡尚大学在灌溉处理（如处理过的废水和井水）下的R. × Damascena精油的质量、数量和抗菌/抗真菌活性。2019 年 5 月，在每个田地中，从不同的灌木丛中采集了花朵（萼片和花瓣），这与花蕾开始开放的时间一致。使用 Clevenger 装置通过水蒸馏提取精油后，通过与质谱仪耦合的气相色谱仪进行化合物的分析和鉴定(GC/MS)。通过琼脂扩散法测定抑菌圈直径、生长抑制剂最低浓度和杀菌/真菌致死率来评价精油的抗菌/抗真菌活性。精油定量分析结果表明，以处理废水灌溉的大马士革R.×damascena产量最高，值为0.1527±0.0045%。根据化学成分的分析结果，香茅醇（32.38%）、香叶醇（12.86%）、十九烷（10.14%）和二十二烷（6.16%）是R. × damascena的主要成分用处理过的废水灌溉的精油和香叶醇 (17.81%)、香茅醇 (17.67%)、十九烷 (12.87%)、十七烷 (5.60%) 和二十二烷 (5.44%) 是R. × damascena精油的主要成分用井水灌溉。大马士革大马士革精油在处理过的废水灌溉下的最强抑制和致死活性是对革兰氏阴性铜绿假单胞菌（MIC<15.63 μg/mL）和白色念珠菌（MIC=62.50 μg/mL），是对照的两倍。利福平和制霉菌素等抗生素。因此，可以发现用处理过的废水灌溉可以提高R. × damascena的数量和质量以及抗菌活性精油对抗许多微生物菌株，这可能是生产用于治疗传染病的高质量精油的一种可能选择。