The transformation of the automotive industry towards ubiquitous connection of vehicles with all kind of external agents (V2X) motivates the use of a wide range of frequencies for several applications. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) connectivity represents a paramount research field in which adequate geometries of antenna arrays must be provided to be integrated in modern vehicles, so 5G-V2X can be fully exploited in the Frequency Range 2 (FR2) band. This paper presents an approach to design mmWave vehicular multi-antenna systems with beamforming capabilities considering the practical limitations of their usage in real vehicular environments. The study considers both the influence of the vehicle itself at radiation pattern level and the impact of the urban traffic on physical layer parameters. Connectivity parameters such as Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) and outage probability are optimized based on the array topology. A shaped beam in the vertical plane based on three preset radiating elements is proven to be robust enough against self-scattering effects on the vehicle body. Regarding the horizontal geometry, four panels on the roof's edges provide good coverage and link quality. The number of horizontal antennas per panel tightly depends on the required values of the link quality metrics, potentially leading to a non-uniform geometry between sides and front or back panels.

汽车行业向车辆与各种外部代理 (V2X) 的无处不在的连接转型，促使在多种应用中使用广泛的频率。毫米波 (mmWave) 连接代表了一个至关重要的研究领域，其中必须提供足够几何形状的天线阵列才能集成到现代车辆中，因此 5G-V2X 可以在频率范围 2 (FR2) 频段中得到充分利用。本文提出了一种设计具有波束成形能力的毫米波车载多天线系统的方法，考虑到它们在实际车载环境中使用的实际限制。该研究既考虑了车辆本身在辐射方向图层面的影响，也考虑了城市交通对物理层参数的影响。基于阵列拓扑优化连接参数，例如信号干扰加噪声比 (SINR) 和中断概率。事实证明，基于三个预设辐射元件的垂直平面中的成形光束具有足够的鲁棒性，可以抵抗车身上的自散射效应。关于水平几何形状，屋顶边缘的四个面板提供了良好的覆盖范围和链接质量。每个面板的水平天线数量与所需的链路质量指标值密切相关，这可能会导致侧面与前面板或后面板之间的几何形状不均匀。关于水平几何形状，屋顶边缘的四个面板提供了良好的覆盖范围和链接质量。每个面板的水平天线数量与所需的链路质量指标值密切相关，这可能会导致侧面与前面板或后面板之间的几何形状不均匀。关于水平几何形状，屋顶边缘的四个面板提供了良好的覆盖范围和链接质量。每个面板的水平天线数量与所需的链路质量指标值密切相关，这可能会导致侧面与前面板或后面板之间的几何形状不均匀。