Agrarian distress—the experience wherein sustaining an agricultural livelihood becomes increasingly challenging—is well documented in South Asia. Another regional trend is the feminization of agriculture or an increase in women's work and decision-making in agriculture. Scholars have recently linked these two phenomena, demonstrating that agrarian distress results in the movement of men out of agriculture, driving women into the sector. Yet what remains underexplored is the relationship between climate change, a contributor to agrarian distress, and the feminization of agriculture. To examine this, we link socioeconomic and demographic data from India, Bangladesh, and Nepal to high-resolution gridded climate data. We then estimate a set of multivariate regression models to explore linkages between recent temperature and precipitation variability from historical norms and the likelihood that a woman works in agriculture. Results suggest that hotter-than-normal conditions in the year prior to the survey are associated with an increased likelihood of working in agriculture among women. This relationship is particularly strong among married women and women with less than primary education. While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms between climate change and the feminization of agriculture, our findings suggest a need for gender-sensitive climate change adaptation strategies.

中文翻译：

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气候变化、农业困境和南亚农业女性化*

农业困境——维持农业生计变得越来越困难的经历——在南亚有详细记录。另一个区域趋势是农业女性化或女性在农业工作和决策的增加。学者们最近将这两种现象联系起来，证明农业困境导致男性离开农业，促使女性进入农业部门。然而，尚未充分探讨的是造成农业困境的气候变化与农业女性化之间的关系。为了研究这一点，我们将印度、孟加拉国和尼泊尔的社会经济和人口数据与高分辨率网格气候数据联系起来。然后，我们估计了一组多元回归模型，以探索近期气温和降水变化与历史标准的关系与女性从事农业工作的可能性之间的联系。结果表明，调查前一年的气温高于正常水平与女性从事农业工作的可能性增加有关。这种关系在已婚妇女和受过初等教育以下的妇女中尤其明显。虽然需要更多的研究来充分了解气候变化和农业女性化之间的机制，但我们的研究结果表明需要制定对性别敏感的气候变化适应战略。