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Altruism, hypocrisy and theory of mind in autistic and nonautistic children.
Developmental Psychology ( IF 4.497 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 , DOI: 10.1037/dev0000942
Candida C Peterson 1 , Henry M Wellman 2
Affiliation  

Children make choices between generosity and greed every day. Often they must also choose between confession or denial of antisocial acts like greed, thereby displaying either honesty or hypocrisy. Such choices pose cognitive challenges that, in theory, might reflect children's developing social-cognitions and affect their daily social lives and developmental opportunities. Individual differences in altruism and hypocrisy were examined in relation to theory of mind (ToM) in 102 school-age children (44 autistic; 58 typically developing) using ecologically valid altruism and hypocrisy tests where generosity had lasting real-life costs and hypocrisy was self-serving. Selfless altruism was abundant for autistic and nonautistic children alike and was significantly predicted by ToM over and above other predictors like age, gender, and language. More nonautistic (74%) than autistic children (41%) displayed hypocrisy, although individual ToM differences among ASD children were not significantly correlated with it. Findings extend to new instances (altruism and hypocrisy) evidence of ToM's importance for everyday social behaviors that impact upon peer relations while also extending past evidence that: (a) unexpected sociomoral strengths can coexist with ToM delays, (b) attention to individual differences is crucial, and (c) autistic children's capacity to develop sociomoral reasoning should not be underestimated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

自闭症和非自闭症儿童的利他主义、虚伪和心理理论。

孩子们每天都在慷慨和贪婪之间做出选择。通常,他们还必须在承认或否认贪婪等反社会行为之间做出选择,从而表现出诚实或虚伪。这样的选择带来了认知挑战,理论上,这些挑战可能反映了儿童发展中的社会认知并影响他们的日常社交生活和发展机会。利他主义和虚伪的个体差异与心理理论 (ToM) 的关系在 102 名学龄儿童(44 名自闭症患者;58 名正常发育)中使用生态有效的利他主义和虚伪测试进行了检查,其中慷慨具有持久的现实生活成本,虚伪是自我-服务。对于自闭症和非自闭症儿童来说,无私的利他主义非常普遍,并且 ToM 对其他预测因素(如年龄、性别和语言)的预测显着高于其他预测因素。非自闭症儿童(74%)比自闭症儿童(41%)表现出虚伪,尽管 ASD 儿童之间的个体 ToM 差异与其没有显着相关性。研究结果扩展到新的实例(利他主义和虚伪),证明了 ToM 对影响同伴关系的日常社会行为的重要性,同时也扩展了过去的证据:(a)意想不到的社会道德优势可以与 ToM 延迟共存,(b)对个体差异的关注是(c) 自闭症儿童发展社会道德推理的能力不应被低估。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。研究结果扩展到新的实例(利他主义和虚伪),证明了 ToM 对影响同伴关系的日常社会行为的重要性,同时也扩展了过去的证据:(a)意想不到的社会道德优势可以与 ToM 延迟共存,(b)对个体差异的关注是(c) 自闭症儿童发展社会道德推理的能力不应被低估。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。研究结果扩展到新的实例(利他主义和虚伪),证明了 ToM 对影响同伴关系的日常社会行为的重要性,同时也扩展了过去的证据:(a)意想不到的社会道德优势可以与 ToM 延迟共存,(b)对个体差异的关注是(c) 自闭症儿童发展社会道德推理的能力不应被低估。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2022-04-21
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