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Contextual variation in language input to children: A naturalistic approach.
Developmental Psychology ( IF 4.497 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 , DOI: 10.1037/dev0001345
Elizabeth R Goldenberg 1 , Rena L Repetti 1 , Catherine M Sandhofer 1
Affiliation  

Children learn what words mean from hearing words used across a variety of contexts. Understanding how different contextual distributions relate to the words young children say is critical because context robustly affects basic learning and memory processes. This study examined children's everyday experiences using naturalistic video recordings to examine two contextual factors-where words are spoken and who speaks the words-through analyzing the nouns in language input and children's own language productions. The families in the study (n = 8) were two-parent, dual-income, middle-class families with a child between 1 year, 3 months to 4 years, 4 months (age M = 3 years, 5 months) and at least one additional sibling. The families were filmed as they interacted in their homes and communities over 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days. From these videos, we identified when the focal child was exposed to language input and randomly selected 9 hr of contiguous speech segments per family to obtain 6,129 noun types and 30,257 noun tokens in language input and 1,072 noun types and 5,360 noun tokens in children's speech. We examined whether the words that children heard in more variable spatial and speaker contexts were produced with greater frequency by children. The results suggest that both the number of places and the number of speakers that characterized a child's exposure to a noun were positively associated with the child's production of that noun, independent of how frequently the word was spoken. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

儿童语言输入的语境变化:一种自然主义的方法。

孩子们通过听到各种上下文中使用的单词来了解单词的含义。了解不同的语境分布如何与幼儿所说的话相关是至关重要的,因为语境会强烈地影响基本的学习和记忆过程。本研究通过分析语言输入中的名词和儿童自己的语言产生,使用自然主义视频记录检查儿童的日常经历,以检查两个语境因素——说词的地方和说词的人。研究中的家庭 (n = 8) 是双亲、双收入、中产阶级家庭,有一个 1 岁 3 个月至 4 岁 4 个月(年龄 M = 3 岁 5 个月)和至少一个额外的兄弟姐妹。这些家庭在 2 个工作日和 2 个周末期间在家中和社区互动时被拍摄下来。从这些视频中,我们确定了焦点儿童何时接触语言输入并随机选择每个家庭 9 小时的连续语音片段,以获得语言输入中的 6,129 个名词类型和 30,257 个名词标记,以及儿童语音中的 1,072 个名词类型和 5,360 个名词标记。我们检查了儿童在更可变的空间和说话者上下文中听到的单词是否由儿童以更高的频率产生。结果表明,孩子接触名词的地点数量和说话者数量都与孩子产生该名词呈正相关,而与该词的说出频率无关。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。我们确定了焦点儿童何时接触语言输入并随机选择每个家庭 9 小时的连续语音片段,以获得语言输入中的 6,129 个名词类型和 30,257 个名词标记以及儿童语音中的 1,072 个名词类型和 5,360 个名词标记。我们检查了儿童在更可变的空间和说话者上下文中听到的单词是否由儿童以更高的频率产生。结果表明,孩子接触名词的地点数量和说话者数量都与孩子产生该名词呈正相关,而与该词的说出频率无关。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。我们确定了焦点儿童何时接触语言输入并随机选择每个家庭 9 小时的连续语音片段,以获得语言输入中的 6,129 个名词类型和 30,257 个名词标记以及儿童语音中的 1,072 个名词类型和 5,360 个名词标记。我们检查了儿童在更可变的空间和说话者上下文中听到的单词是否由儿童以更高的频率产生。结果表明,孩子接触名词的地点数量和说话者数量都与孩子产生该名词呈正相关,而与该词的说出频率无关。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。儿童演讲中的 360 个名词标记。我们检查了儿童在更可变的空间和说话者上下文中听到的单词是否由儿童以更高的频率产生。结果表明,孩子接触名词的地点数量和说话者数量都与孩子产生该名词呈正相关,而与该词的说出频率无关。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。儿童演讲中的 360 个名词标记。我们检查了儿童在更可变的空间和说话者上下文中听到的单词是否由儿童以更高的频率产生。结果表明,孩子接触名词的地点数量和说话者数量都与孩子产生该名词呈正相关,而与该词的说出频率无关。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。接触一个名词与孩子产生该名词呈正相关,与该词的使用频率无关。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。接触一个名词与孩子产生该名词呈正相关,与该词的使用频率无关。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2022-04-21
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