The diverse and tunable surface and bulk chemistry of MXenes affords valuable and distinctive properties, which can be useful across many components of energy storage devices. MXenes offer diverse functions in batteries and supercapacitors, including double-layer and redox-type ion storage, ion transfer regulation, steric hindrance, ion redistribution, electrocatalysts, electrodeposition substrates and so on. They have been utilized to enhance the stability and performance of electrodes, electrolytes and separators. In this Review, we present a discussion on the roles of MXene bulk and surface chemistries across various energy storage devices and clarify the correlations between their chemical properties and the required functions. We also provide guidelines for the utilization of MXene surface terminations to control the properties and improve the performance of batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, we conclude with a perspective on the challenges and opportunities of MXene-based energy storage components towards future practical applications.

MXene 多样化且可调节的表面和本体化学性质提供了宝贵且独特的特性，可用于储能设备的许多组件。MXenes在电池和超级电容器中提供多种功能，包括双层和氧化还原型离子存储、离子转移调节、空间位阻、离子再分布、电催化剂、电沉积基底等。它们已被用来提高电极、电解质和隔膜的稳定性和性能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 MXene 本体和表面化学在各种储能设备中的作用，并阐明了它们的化学性质和所需功能之间的相关性。我们还提供了利用 MXene 表面端子来控制特性并提高电池和超级电容器性能的指南。最后，我们总结了基于 MXene 的储能组件在未来实际应用中面临的挑战和机遇。