The effects of multigenerational Cu exposure on the freshwater gastropod Isidorella newcombi were investigated. Snails were exposed to a range of treatment-specific Cu concentrations in the parental to F₂ generations, and a common Cu concentration in the F₃ generation. In the parental to F₂ generations, some general responses to 3 days Cu exposures included reduced survival and feeding in snails exposed to higher Cu concentrations. This suggested that the snails exposed to the high Cu concentration were experiencing Cu-induced stress that may apply selection pressure. In the F₃ generation, when all treatments were exposed to a common Cu concentration, increased survival was correlated with the pre-exposure Cu concentration history. Snails that had been pre-exposed to Cu also displayed reduced stress at a sub-lethal level, indicated by lower lysosomal destabilisation (LD). Mortality and LD responses in the F₃ generation were not related to Cu tissue concentrations, indicating increased tolerance and reduced stress were not related to changes in Cu bioaccumulation. Total antioxidant capacity increased in the higher Cu concentration pre-exposure treatments which could be associated with lower Cu-induced stress, however, this is not supported by the oxidative damage marker lipid peroxidation, which also increased. While Cu tissue concentrations and oxidative stress markers were assessed to determine underlying reasons for increased tolerance in snails from a population with a multi-generational exposure history to Cu, the results were not conclusive. Despite this, it was demonstrated through increased survival and reduced LD that Cu tolerance can develop over a short evolutionary time scale.

研究了多代铜暴露对淡水腹足动物新组合Isidorella newcombi的影响。_{蜗牛在F 2}代的亲代中暴露于一系列处理特定的Cu 浓度，在F ₃代中暴露于常见的Cu 浓度。在 F ₂代的亲代中，对 3 天铜暴露的一些一般反应包括暴露于较高铜浓度的蜗牛的存活率和摄食率降低。这表明暴露于高铜浓度的蜗牛正在经历可能施加选择压力的铜诱导的应力。在 F ₃一代，当所有处理都暴露于共同的铜浓度时，增加的存活率与暴露前的铜浓度历史相关。预先暴露于铜的蜗牛也表现出亚致死水平的压力降低，这由较低的溶酶体不稳定 (LD) 表明。_{F 3}中的死亡率和 LD 反应生成与铜组织浓度无关，表明耐受性增加和压力降低与铜生物积累的变化无关。在较高铜浓度的暴露前处理中总抗氧化能力增加，这可能与较低的铜诱导应激有关，然而，氧化损伤标志物脂质过氧化不支持这一点，脂质过氧化也增加了。虽然评估了铜组织浓度和氧化应激标志物，以确定来自具有多代铜暴露史的人群中的蜗牛耐受性增加的根本原因，但结果并不是决定性的。尽管如此，通过提高存活率和降低 LD 证明了铜耐受性可以在较短的进化时间范围内发展。