People with concealable stigmatized identities often conceal to avoid facing prejudice and discrimination. Yet, this strategy carries risk; concealment may engender social costs. Across five studies in which participants (total n = 1992) were recruited from an online pool (Prolific) and an institutional undergraduate pool, we found that people who conceal, relative to people who disclose, were viewed as less moral and sociable (Studies 1-2B) regardless of the identity being concealed (Studies 2A-2B), and that these effects were moderated by whether or not an outgroup identity was claimed in the course of concealment (Study 2C) and the motivation for concealment (Study 3). Results suggest that concealment is strongly stigmatized, a fact which places members of already-stigmatized groups in a challenging situation wherein they must risk either the stigma of their identity or that of concealment. Pre-registrations, materials, code, and data for all studies are available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/g7zjw/.

具有隐蔽性污名化身份的人经常隐瞒，以避免面临偏见和歧视。然而，这种策略存在风险。隐瞒可能会产生社会成本。在五项研究中，参与者（总共n = 1992) 从在线人才库 (Prolific) 和机构本科人才库中招募，我们发现隐藏的人，相对于披露的人，被视为道德和社交较差（研究 1-2B），无论身份被隐藏（研究 2A-2B），并且这些影响通过在隐藏过程中是否声称外群体身份（研究 2C）和隐藏的动机（研究 3）来缓和。结果表明，隐瞒被严重污名化，这一事实将已经被污名化的群体的成员置于一个充满挑战的境地，他们必须冒着对其身份或隐瞒的污名化的风险。所有研究的预注册、材料、代码和数据均可在开放科学框架上获得：https://osf.io/g7zjw/。