Despite the promising features of blockchain, such as enhancing efficiency, transparency, immutability, cost savings, and traceability, the technology is still not widely adopted across industries. The oil and gas industry uses state-of-the-art engineering solutions for oil and gas exploration but substantially lags behind in using innovative digital technologies that can improve operational excellence. This study proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for assessing blockchain adoption strategies. The framework builds on critical factors for blockchain adoption and four adoption strategies — single use, localization, substitution, and transformation. Data were collected from ten experts in the Norwegian oil and gas industry using a structured web survey. The Bayesian Best Worst Method (BWM), a probabilistic MCDM method, was used for analysis. The results suggest that three sub-criteria, which are lack of expertise about technology, lack of supply chain partner collaboration, and reducing operation cost, have the most impact on the adoption process. As for blockchain adoption alternatives, the fourth phase, that is, transformation, is the most preferred in the context of the Norwegian oil and gas industry. The proposed framework lays the foundation for companies to understand the critical elements that need improvement to accelerate the blockchain technology adoption process.

尽管区块链具有提高效率、透明度、不变性、节省成本和可追溯性等令人鼓舞的特性，但该技术仍未在各行各业广泛采用。石油和天然气行业使用最先进的石油和天然气勘探工程解决方案，但在使用可以提高运营卓越性的创新数字技术方面却大大落后。本研究提出了一个用于评估区块链采用策略的多标准决策 (MCDM) 框架。该框架建立在区块链采用的关键因素和四种采用策略——单一使用、本地化、替代和转型之上。使用结构化网络调查从挪威石油和天然气行业的十位专家那里收集数据。贝叶斯最佳最差方法 (BWM)，一种概率 MCDM 方法，用于分析。结果表明，缺乏技术专业知识、缺乏供应链合作伙伴协作和降低运营成本这三个子标准对采用过程的影响最大。至于采用区块链的替代方案，第四阶段，即转型，在挪威石油和天然气行业的背景下是最受青睐的。拟议的框架为公司了解需要改进以加速区块链技术采用过程的关键要素奠定了基础。转型，是挪威石油和天然气行业的首选。拟议的框架为公司了解需要改进以加速区块链技术采用过程的关键要素奠定了基础。转型，是挪威石油和天然气行业的首选。拟议的框架为公司了解需要改进以加速区块链技术采用过程的关键要素奠定了基础。