ABSTRACT

Objective

To systematically review the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Black children and adolescents compared to White, Latino and Asian children and adolescents.

Method

Peer-reviewed articles were identified in seven databases and included if they reported prevalence of ADHD among Black children and adolescents living in a minority context and compared rates to at least one of White, Latino or Asian samples. A total of 7050 articles were retrieved and 155 articles were subjected to full evaluation. Twenty-three studies representing 26 independent samples were included.

Results

The pooled sample size was n = 218,445 (k = 26), n = 835,505 (k = 25), n = 493,417 (k = 24), and n = 66,413 (k = 7) of Black, White, Latino, and Asian participants, respectively. Pooled prevalence rate of ADHD was 15.9% (95%CI 11.6% – 20.7%) among Black children and adolescents, 16.6% (95%CI 11.6% – 22.2%) among Whites, 10.1% (95%CI 6.9% – 13.8%) among Latinos and 12.4% (95%CI 1.4% – 31.8%) among Asians. There was no significant difference in prevalence between ethnic groups, whereas both Black and White children and adolescents had marginally statistically significant higher prevalence than Asians. The results of a meta-regression analysis showed no moderating effects of the type of sample and the year of publication of studies. A significant publication bias was observed, suggesting that other moderators were not identified in the present systematic review.

Conclusion

In contrast to the assertion in the DSM-5 that clinical identification among Black children and adolescents is lower than among White children and adolescents, the present meta-analysis suggests similar rates of ADHD among these two groups. The importance of considering cultural appropriateness of assessment tools and processes is emphasized.

中文翻译：

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与白人、拉丁裔和亚洲青年相比，黑人青年多动症的患病率：荟萃分析

摘要

客观的

与白人、拉丁裔和亚洲儿童和青少年相比，系统地评估黑人儿童和青少年中注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的患病率。

方法

在七个数据库中确定了同行评议的文章，如果他们报告了生活在少数族裔环境中的黑人儿童和青少年的 ADHD 患病率，并将其与白人、拉丁裔或亚洲样本中的至少一个进行了比较，则将其纳入其中。共检索到7050篇文章，对155篇文章进行全面评价。包括代表 26 个独立样本的 23 项研究。

结果

合并样本量为n = 218,445 ( k = 26)、n = 835,505 ( k = 25)、n = 493,417 ( k = 24) 和n = 66,413 ( k= 7) 分别为黑人、白人、拉丁裔和亚洲参与者。黑人儿童和青少年的 ADHD 综合患病率为 15.9% (95%CI 11.6% – 20.7%)，白人为 16.6% (95%CI 11.6% – 22.2%)，白人为 10.1% (95%CI 6.9% – 13.8%) ) 在拉丁美洲人中，在亚洲人中为 12.4% (95%CI 1.4% – 31.8%)。种族之间的患病率没有显着差异，而黑人和白人儿童和青少年的患病率均略高于亚洲人，具有统计学意义。元回归分析的结果显示样本类型和研究发表年份没有调节作用。观察到显着的发表偏倚，表明在本系统评价中未发现其他主持人。

结论

与 DSM-5 中关于黑人儿童和青少年的临床识别率低于白人儿童和青少年的断言相反，目前的荟萃分析表明这两组的 ADHD 发生率相似。强调了考虑评估工具和过程的文化适宜性的重要性。