Obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, are worldwide pandemics; therefore, studies have been conducted energetically to elucidate the mechanism of obesity and develop anti-obesity drugs. Robust progress in the peptide chemistry and molecular biology has identified many peptides that regulate appetite and energy metabolism over the past dozen years. Several drugs, such as analogs or receptor agonists of anorectic peptides, have been developed. Overall, peptide-related drugs have powerful anti-obesity effects with fewer adverse effects than previous anti-obesity drugs. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, was first used as an antidiabetic drug, and then high-dose liraglutide was used as an anti-obesity drug. Several candidates have been developed to explore their anti-obesity effects. Additionally, hybrid peptides consisting of two or more peptide sequences with strong anorectic effects have been designed. Here, we review peptides that are important for feeding regulation in terms of their mechanisms of action, interactions, and clinical application as anti-obesity drugs.

肥胖和肥胖相关疾病，如糖尿病和血脂异常，是世界范围内的流行病；因此，已经大力进行研究以阐明肥胖的机制并开发抗肥胖药物。在过去的十几年中，肽化学和分子生物学的巨大进步已经确定了许多调节食欲和能量代谢的肽。已经开发了几种药物，例如厌食肽的类似物或受体激动剂。总的来说，肽相关药物具有强大的抗肥胖作用，而且副作用比以往的抗肥胖药物少。利拉鲁肽是一种胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂，最早被用作抗糖尿病药物，随后大剂量利拉鲁肽被用作抗肥胖药物。已经开发了几种候选物来探索它们的抗肥胖作用。此外，已经设计了由两个或多个具有强烈厌食作用的肽序列组成的杂合肽。在这里，我们从作用机制、相互作用和作为抗肥胖药物的临床应用方面回顾了对进食调节很重要的肽。