Abstract

Epifluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of bacteriophages in all samples of the studied soils (Haplic Chernozem, Albic Retisol (Cutanic, Siltic), Haplic Kastanozem, Fluvisol (Loamic, Humic)), Limnic Fluvisol, Dystric Fibric Histosol, Histic Leptosol, and Arenosol). The number of bacteriophages counted using the SYBR Green I dye was significant: 0.34–5.7 billion units/g soil. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the icosahedral, caudate, and filamentous morphotypes of bacteriophages. Comparison of the amount of bacteriophages and bacteria showed that the number of phages in the studied soil samples was slightly lower as compared to bacteria (except for the samples from Chernozem and from the Antarctic Arenosol, where the number of phages slightly exceeded that of bacteria). The ratio between the numbers of bacteriophages and bacteria varied from 0.16 to 1.67. The number of cells of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was determined using the L7005 dye and compared with the number of bacteriophages in samples of Histosol and Kastanozem. The predomination of gram-negative bacteria (61% of the total number of bacteria) was recorded. The number of phages in the waterlogged biotope (Histosol) was three times higher than in the dry biotope (Kastanozem). The revealed high abundance and significant morphological diversity of phages enable us to suggest their particular role in the regulation of the number of bacteria in soils.

中文翻译：

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土壤中噬菌体的数量和形态多样性

摘要

荧光显微镜显示在所有研究土壤样品中都存在噬菌体（Haplic Chernozem、Albic Retisol（Cutanic、Siltic）、Haplic Kastanozem、Fluvisol（Loamic、Humic））、Limnic Fluvisol、Dystric Fibric Histosol、Histic Leptosol 和 Arenosol） . 使用 SYBR Green I 染料计数的噬菌体数量非常显着：0.34-57 亿单位/g 土壤。透射电子显微镜用于确定噬菌体的二十面体、尾状和丝状形态类型。噬菌体和细菌数量的比较表明，与细菌相比，所研究土壤样品中的噬菌体数量略低（除了来自黑钙土和南极海藻土的样品，其噬菌体数量略高于细菌） . 噬菌体数量与细菌数量之比在 0.16 到 1.67 之间变化。使用 L7005 染料测定革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌的细胞数量，并与 Histosol 和 Kastanozem 样品中的噬菌体数量进行比较。记录了革兰氏阴性菌的优势（占细菌总数的 61%）。浸水的生物群落 (Histosol) 中的噬菌体数量是干燥生物群落 (Kastanozem) 中的三倍。噬菌体的高丰度和显着的形态多样性使我们能够提出它们在调节土壤中细菌数量方面的特殊作用。使用 L7005 染料测定革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌的细胞数量，并与 Histosol 和 Kastanozem 样品中的噬菌体数量进行比较。记录了革兰氏阴性菌的优势（占细菌总数的 61%）。浸水的生物群落 (Histosol) 中的噬菌体数量是干燥生物群落 (Kastanozem) 中的三倍。噬菌体的高丰度和显着的形态多样性使我们能够提出它们在调节土壤中细菌数量方面的特殊作用。使用 L7005 染料测定革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌的细胞数量，并与 Histosol 和 Kastanozem 样品中的噬菌体数量进行比较。记录了革兰氏阴性菌的优势（占细菌总数的 61%）。浸水的生物群落 (Histosol) 中的噬菌体数量是干燥生物群落 (Kastanozem) 中的三倍。噬菌体的高丰度和显着的形态多样性使我们能够提出它们在调节土壤中细菌数量方面的特殊作用。