The human face is arguably the most important of all social stimuli because it provides so much valuable information about others. Therefore, one critical factor for successful social communication is the ability to process faces. In general, a wide body of social cognitive research has demonstrated that perceivers are better at extracting information from their own-race compared to other-race faces and that these differences can be a barrier to positive cross-race relationships. The primary objective of the present paper was to provide an overview of how people process faces in diverse contexts, focusing on racial ingroup and outgroup members within one nation and across nations. To achieve this goal, we first broadly describe social cognitive research on categorization processes related to ingroups vs. outgroups. Next, we briefly examine two prominent mechanisms (experience and motivation) that have been used to explain differences in recognizing facial identities and identifying emotions when processing ingroup and outgroup racial faces within nations. Then, we explore research in this domain across nations and cultural explanations, such as norms and practices, that supplement the two proposed mechanisms. Finally, we propose future cross-cultural research that has the potential to help us better understand the role of these key mechanisms in processing ingroup and outgroup faces.

中文翻译：

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感知国家内部和国家之间的内群体和外群体面孔

人脸可以说是所有社会刺激中最重要的，因为它提供了很多关于他人的有价值的信息。因此，成功的社交沟通的一个关键因素是处理面孔的能力。一般来说，大量的社会认知研究表明，与其他种族的面孔相比，感知者更善于从自己种族中提取信息，并且这些差异可能成为积极的跨种族关系的障碍。本文的主要目的是概述人们如何在不同的背景下处理面孔，重点关注一个国家和跨地区的种族内群体和外群体成员。国家。为了实现这一目标，我们首先广泛地描述了与内群体与外群体相关的分类过程的社会认知研究。接下来，我们简要研究了两种主要机制（经验和动机），这些机制已被用于解释在处理国家内部和外部种族面孔时识别面部身份和识别情绪方面的差异。然后，我们跨国家和文化解释（例如规范和实践）探索该领域的研究，以补充两个提议的机制。最后，我们提出了未来的跨文化研究，这些研究有可能帮助我们更好地理解这些关键机制在处理内群体和外群体面孔中的作用。