Resurgence occurs when a previously reinforced and then extinguished target response increases due to a worsening of reinforcement conditions for an alternative response. We conducted four crowdsourcing experiments to evaluate effects of alternative-reinforcer rate and magnitude on resurgence with humans. Contingent on an alternative response, we manipulated across groups either the rate of point delivery (Experiment 1) or number of points delivered per reinforcer (Experiments 2–3). Experiment 4 arranged combinations of high- or low-rate and high- or low-magnitude alternative reinforcement across four groups. When extinguishing alternative responding across experiments, we observed resurgence of target responding with relatively high rates of alternative reinforcement but differences in reinforcer magnitude did not influence resurgence. A quantitative model based on the concatenated matching law, Resurgence as Choice in Context (RaC²), provided a poor fit to the data, generally underpredicted target responding, and could not account for data from control groups experiencing extinction of target responding in the absence of alternative reinforcement. We then fit a modified version of RaC² borrowing an assumption from theories of choice that suggest some proportion of reinforcers are misallocated between responses – this modified version of RaC² provided a better account of these findings.

当先前强化然后消失的目标响应由于替代响应的强化条件恶化而增加时，就会发生复苏。我们进行了四次众包实验，以评估替代强化剂比率和幅度对人类复苏的影响。根据替代反应，我们在各组之间操纵点交付率（实验 1）或每个强化物交付的点数（实验 2-3）。实验 4 在四组中安排了高强度或低强度以及高强度或低强度替代强化的组合。当在实验中消除替代反应时，我们观察到目标反应的复苏，替代强化率相对较高，但强化物大小的差异并不影响复苏。²），提供了对数据的不良拟合，通常低估了目标响应，并且无法解释来自在没有替代强化的情况下经历目标响应消失的对照组的数据。然后，我们拟合了 RaC ²的修改版本，从选择理论中借用了一个假设，该假设表明一定比例的强化物在反应之间分配不当——这个 RaC ²的修改版本更好地说明了这些发现。