Understanding the agro-hydrological processes and water productivity of canal- and well-irrigated systems is vital for agricultural water management in arid regions. In this study, the Agro-Hydrological & chemical and Crop systems simulator (AHC) was used in a distributed manner to evaluate the agro-hydrological processes and to assess water productivity under the conditions of canal- and well-irrigated systems. With the Heji irrigation system (Heji) located in the arid upper Yellow River basin, Northwest China as the case study area, the AHC was calibrated and validated by the field observation data of 2018 and 2019. Then the model was used in a distributed manner for the entire Heji. Results showed that there were significant differences in the agro-hydrological processes and water productivity between canal- and well-irrigated areas. The spatially averaged actual evapotranspiration was larger in canal-irrigated areas, and the cumulative net bottom water and salt fluxes were mainly downward in well-irrigated areas. The applied water was used more efficiently with higher equivalent water productivity of water applied (EWP_IP) in canal-irrigated areas. However, the total water consumption (evapotranspiration) was in higher efficient utilization with higher equivalent water productivity of water consumption (EWP_ET) in well-irrigated areas. These findings can provide implications for regional irrigation water management and salinity control in the arid areas.

了解运河和良好灌溉系统的农业水文过程和水生产力对于农业水资源管理至关重要在干旱地区。在这项研究中，农业水文化学和作物系统模拟器 (AHC) 以分布式方式用于评估农业水文过程并评估在运河和良好灌溉系统条件下的水生产力。以位于西北干旱黄河流域上游的河集灌区（河集）为案例研究区，通过2018年和2019年的野外观测数据对AHC进行标定验证，然后将模型进行分布式应用。为整个河集。结果表明，运河灌溉区和井灌区之间的农业水文过程和水生产力存在显着差异。空间平均实际灌区蒸散量较大，累计净底水和盐通量在灌区以向下为主。在运河灌溉地区，施用的水得到了更有效的利用，与施用的水（ EWP _IP ）相当的水生产率更高。然而，在灌溉良好的地区，总耗水量（蒸散量）处于较高的利用效率和较高的耗水等效水生产率（EWP _ET）。这些发现可为干旱地区的区域灌溉水管理和盐度控制提供启示。