Energy efficiency programs for industry are important to reduce energy demand and GHG emissions. Rebound effects reduce intended energy savings. Against this background, various policy measures are modeled and combined for German industry to see how they can counter rebound effects. The efficiency program itself, the reinvestment requirement and carbon prices reduce energy use in industry. Higher carbon prices or energy taxes also reduce energy consumption and emissions in other sectors that are more price sensitive. Reimbursement of carbon pricing revenues via lower electricity prices can incentivize the shift towards electricity, but also towards more energy consumption. A combined set of policy measures for German industry can reduce energy use in industry by 5.2% against a baseline in 2030. The combined policy set will further reduce CO₂ emissions, having only small effects on other sustainability indicators such as GDP and employment. In the future, rebound effects need to be considered in policy design. As the combined set will clearly miss the new national emission target for 2030, additional measures are needed together with a fundamental transformation of the energy system. To reach the targets of the Paris agreement, besides energy efficiency also clean energy supply, sufficiency and behavioral change are necessary.

工业能效计划对于减少能源需求和温室气体排放非常重要。回弹效应会降低预期的节能效果。在此背景下，德国工业界对各种政策措施进行了建模和组合，以了解它们如何应对反弹效应。效率计划本身、再投资要求和碳价格减少了工业中的能源使用。更高的碳价格或能源税也减少了其他对价格更为敏感的部门的能源消耗和排放。通过降低电价补偿碳定价收入可以激励向电力的转变，也可以激励更多的能源消耗。一套针对德国工业的综合政策措施可以在 2030 年的基础上将工业能源使用量减少 5.2%。综合政策将进一步减少二氧化碳排放₂排放，对 GDP 和就业等其他可持续性指标的影响很小。未来，政策设计需要考虑反弹效应。由于该组合显然无法实现 2030 年新的国家排放目标，因此需要采取额外措施以及对能源系统进行根本性改造。为了实现巴黎协议的目标，除了能源效率之外，清洁能源供应、充足和行为改变都是必要的。