Downstream companies in chocolate supply chains are increasingly engaged in improving the sustainability of cocoa production, which requires a multidimensional understanding of cocoa farms' sustainability performance. However, prior research has insufficiently addressed the multiple sustainability dimensions of cocoa production or the interrelationships between dimensions. This study explores farm sustainability using our comprehensive data set of 395 cocoa farms in Ecuador and Uganda and identifies social and economic co-benefits and trade-offs of environmentally-friendly cocoa production. For this, farms were grouped according to environmental performance and then compared. This approach revealed lowest sustainability performance in the social and governance dimension. We identified important social and economic co-benefits of environmentally-friendly cocoa production regarding human health benefits from reduced pesticide use and resource conservation for farms' long-term productivity, although at the expense of farm investments and profitability. Future interventions require approaches that target underrepresented sustainability issues and enable synergistic effects between environmental, social, and economic sustainability for cocoa farms.

巧克力供应链中的下游公司越来越多地致力于提高可可生产的可持续性，这需要对可可农场的可持续性表现进行多维了解。然而，先前的研究未能充分解决可可生产的多个可持续性维度或维度之间的相互关系。本研究使用我们在厄瓜多尔和乌干达的 395 个可可农场的综合数据集探索农场可持续性，并确定环境友好型可可生产的社会和经济协同效益和权衡取舍。为此，根据环境绩效对农场进行分组，然后进行比较。这种方法揭示了社会和治理方面的最低可持续性绩效。我们确定了环保可可生产的重要社会和经济共同利益，即减少农药使用和资源保护对人类健康的益处，以提高农场的长期生产力，尽管以农场投资和盈利能力为代价。未来的干预措施需要针对代表性不足的可持续性问题并在可可农场的环境、社会和经济可持续性之间产生协同效应的方法。