• A novel strategy to further improve the efficiency of lead-free tin perovskite solar cells by carefully controlling the built-in electric field in the absorber is described.

• A promising efficiency of 13.82% was obtained based on the formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI₃) perovskite solar cells with a vertical Sn²⁺ gradient and an enhanced electric field.

• The solar cell with a heterogeneous FASnI₃ absorber is ultrastable, maintaining over 13% efficiency after operation under 1-sun illumination for 1,000 h in air.

中文翻译：

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具有增强电场的非均相 FASnI3 吸收剂用于高性能无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池

• 描述了一种通过仔细控制吸收器中的内置电场来进一步提高无铅锡钙钛矿太阳能电池效率的新策略。

• ^{基于具有垂直 Sn 2+}梯度和增强电场的甲脒锡碘化物 (FASnI ₃ ) 钙钛矿太阳能电池获得了 13.82% 的有前途的效率。

• 具有异质 FASnI ₃吸收器的太阳能电池非常稳定，在 1 太阳光照下在空气中运行 1,000 小时后仍可保持超过 13% 的效率。