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BNT162b2 vaccine induces antibody release in saliva: a possible role for mucosal viral protection?
EMBO Molecular Medicine ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-19 , DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115326
Abbass Darwich 1 , Chiara Pozzi 2 , Giulia Fornasa 2 , Michela Lizier 2 , Elena Azzolini 1, 2 , Ilaria Spadoni 1 , Francesco Carli 3 , Antonio Voza 1, 2 , Antonio Desai 1, 2 , Carlo Ferrero 2 , Luca Germagnoli 2 , , Alberto Mantovani 1, 2, 4 , Maria Rescigno 1, 2
Affiliation  

Vaccination against an airborne pathogen is very effective if it induces also the development of mucosal antibodies that can protect against infection. The mRNA-based vaccine-encoding SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein (BNT162b2, Pfizer/BioNTech) protects also against infection despite being administered systemically. Here, we show that upon vaccination, cognate IgG molecules are also found in the saliva and are more abundant in SARS-CoV-2 previously exposed subjects, paralleling the development of plasma IgG. The antibodies titer declines at 3 months from vaccination. We identified a concentration of specific IgG in the plasma above which the relevant IgG can be detected in the saliva. Regarding IgA antibodies, we found only protease-susceptible IgA1 antibodies in plasma while they were present at very low levels in the saliva over the course of vaccination of SARS-CoV-2-naïve subjects. Thus, in response to BNT162b2 vaccine, plasma IgG can permeate into mucosal sites and participate in viral protection. It is not clear why IgA1 are detected in low amount, they may be proteolytically cleaved.

中文翻译:

BNT162b2疫苗诱导唾液中的抗体释放:粘膜病毒保护的可能作用?

如果针对空气传播的病原体的疫苗接种也能诱导产生可以防止感染的粘膜抗体,那么它是非常有效的。基于 mRNA 的疫苗编码 SARS-CoV-2 全长刺突蛋白(BNT162b2,辉瑞/BioNTech)尽管是全身给药,但也可以防止感染。在这里,我们表明,接种疫苗后,唾液中也发现了同源 IgG 分子,并且在先前暴露于 SARS-CoV-2 的受试者中更为丰富,与血浆 IgG 的发展平行。疫苗接种后 3 个月抗体滴度下降。我们确定了血浆中特定 IgG 的浓度,高于该浓度可在唾液中检测到相关 IgG。关于 IgA 抗体,我们仅在血浆中发现了对蛋白酶敏感的 IgA1 抗体,而在未接种过 SARS-CoV-2 的受试者的疫苗接种过程中,它们在唾液中的含量非常低。因此,作为对 BNT162b2 疫苗的反应,血浆 IgG 可以渗透到粘膜部位并参与病毒保护。目前尚不清楚为什么检测到少量 IgA1,它们可能被蛋白水解切割。
更新日期:2022-04-07
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