Reactive astrocytes undergo morphological, molecular, metabolic, and functional remodeling in response to central nervous system (CNS) damage. However, we still know very little about how the metabolic switching of astrocytes influences, or is influenced by, reactive astrocytes in response to neurological diseases. In this review, we initially cover a brief introduction into reactive astrocyte function under pathological conditions. Subsequently, we summarize the emerging roles of glucose and lipid metabolism in reactive astrocytes in the context of CNS injury to provide a new insight into metabolic mechanisms of reactive astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection or damage. Finally, we propose that deciphering the mechanistic link between astrocyte heterogeneity metabolism and improved methods is an emerging frontier for the therapeutic investigation of CNS injury and disease.

反应性星形胶质细胞在响应中枢神经系统 (CNS) 损伤时经历形态、分子、代谢和功能重塑。然而，对于星形胶质细胞的代谢转换如何影响或受反应性星形胶质细胞对神经系统疾病的反应，我们仍然知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要介绍了病理条件下的反应性星形胶质细胞功能。随后，我们总结了在 CNS 损伤背景下反应性星形胶质细胞中葡萄糖和脂质代谢的新作用，以提供对反应性星形胶质细胞介导的神经保护或损伤的代谢机制的新见解。最后，