Eleven wheat cultivars were obtained for this study, and three treatments were carried out: salinity treatment in a greenhouse, drought treatment in hydroponics and drought with salinity treatment in hydroponics. In the case of salinity treatment in a greenhouse, the cultivars Sids1 and Giza168 showed a high tolerance to salinity. In the drought treatment in hydroponics using PEG6000 in water irrigation, Sids1 and Giza168 showed a high tolerance to drought. In the drought with salinity treatment in hydroponics using PEG6000 with NaCl 8000 ppm in water irrigation, the cultivars Sahel1 and Misr2 showed medium tolerance to salinity and drought. Also, phenotypic parameters of the cultivars were measured. The tallest cultivar was Misr 1 99.67 cm, while Sids1 showed the highest thousand grain weight at 46.81 g. Based on these results, we selected five cultivars of wheat: Sahel1, Gemmeiza10, Misr1, Sakha93 and Giza168 to complete this study and were done carried out a complete diallele hybridization and reverse hybridization between group one: Sahel1 and Gemmeiza10, group two: Misr1 and Sakha93 and group three: Giza168 and Gemmeiza10. The transcripts levels of salinity (Na+/H+ antiporter) and drought (DREB2) genes in the three groups of wheat hybrid were determined using qRT-PCR; DREB2 gene transcripts significantly in group one by 0.79-fold were compared to group three mRNA levels of DREB2 gene that was 0.24-fold. The change in mRNA levels of DREB2 gene of group two was by 0.2-fold, while the mRNA transcript levels of salinity (Na+/H+ antiporter) gene raised no significantly in the groups. In group one in this group the fold change was 0.0037-fold, while mRNA levels of Na+/H+ antiporter gene was 0.0041-fold, in group two. In group three was found the fold change 0.0024-fold. The (DREB2 & Na+/H+ antiporter) genes in hybrid wheat were identified by amplification followed by sequencing. Our results suggest that the best Egyptian wheat cultivars can be grown under difficult environmental conditions in Egypt.

本研究获得了11个小麦品种，并进行了3个处理：温室盐渍处理、水培干旱处理和水培干旱盐渍处理。在温室盐分处理的情况下，栽培品种 Sids1 和 Giza168 表现出对盐分的高耐受性。在水培中使用 PEG6000 进行的水培干旱处理中，Sids1 和 Giza168 表现出对干旱的高度耐受性。在水培中使用 PEG6000 和 8000 ppm NaCl 进行水培盐分处理的干旱中，栽培品种 Sahel1 和 Misr2 表现出对盐分和干旱的中等耐受性。此外，还测量了栽培品种的表型参数。最高的品种是Misr 1 99.67 cm，而Sids1的千粒重最高，为46.81 g。基于这些结果，我们选择了五个小麦品种：Sahel1、Gemmeiza10、Misr1、Sakha93 和 Giza168 来完成这项研究，并在第一组 Sahel1 和 Gemmeiza10、第二组 Misr1 和 Sakha93 和第三组之间进行了完全二等位基因杂交和反向杂交： Giza168 和 Gemmeiza10。使用qRT-PCR测定了三组小麦杂交种中盐度（Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白）和干旱（DREB2）基因的转录水平；将第一组中的 DREB2 基因转录物显着增加 0.79 倍，而第三组 DREB2 基因的 mRNA 水平为 0.24 倍。第二组DREB2基因mRNA水平变化0.2倍，而盐度(Na+/H+逆向转运体)基因mRNA转录水平在各组中均无明显升高。在该组的第一组中，倍数变化为 0.0037 倍，而在第二组中，Na+/H+ 逆向转运基因的 mRNA 水平为 0.0041 倍。在第三组中发现倍数变化 0.0024 倍。杂交小麦中的 (DREB2 & Na+/H+ 反转运蛋白) 基因通过扩增和测序鉴定。我们的研究结果表明，最好的埃及小麦品种可以在埃及恶劣的环境条件下种植。