Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a transmembrane protein expressed on endothelial cells, white blood cells, smooth muscle cells and platelets. TREM-1 plays an important role in innate immunity. TREM-1 activation pathways are implicated both in sepsis and in non-infectious inflammatory conditions, including atherosclerosis. TREM-1 enhances the subendothelial lipid accumulation and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes, thereby promoting inflammation and plaque destabilization. TREM-1 inhibitors attenuate the inflammatory process in the atherosclerotic plaque, leading to plaque stabilization. This review focuses on the role of TREM-1 in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the effects of TREM-1 inhibition in the natural history of the disease.

髓细胞上表达的触发受体-1 (TREM-1) 是一种在内皮细胞、白细胞、平滑肌细胞和血小板上表达的跨膜蛋白。TREM-1在先天免疫中起重要作用。TREM-1 激活途径与败血症和非感染性炎症状况（包括动脉粥样硬化）有关。TREM-1 增强内皮下脂质积累和促炎细胞因子和基质降解酶的表达，从而促进炎症和斑块不稳定。TREM-1 抑制剂减弱动脉粥样硬化斑块中的炎症过程，导致斑块稳定。本综述重点关注 TREM-1 在动脉粥样硬化病理生理学中的作用以及 TREM-1 抑制在疾病自然史中的作用。