Incidence and mortality disparities between males and females exist in many diseases including bladder cancer, but the mechanisms remain unclear. To adequately address this issue, researchers must design experiments appropriately, appreciate that sex and gender are not synonymous concepts and understand that the role of both sex and gender in disease need to be elucidated.

中文翻译：

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膀胱癌的性别差异：新数据和行动呼吁

在包括膀胱癌在内的许多疾病中，男性和女性之间的发病率和死亡率存在差异，但其机制仍不清楚。为了充分解决这个问题，研究人员必须适当地设计实验，认识到性别和性别不是同义概念，并理解需要阐明性别和性别在疾病中的作用。