Ground surface uplift was detected during longwall mining in the Lazy Mine, a hard coal mine in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Czech Republic. The greatest uplift was 218 mm, based on surface point levelling by comparing surface points with heights of non-mined areas. This uplift occurred during subcritical mining at an average depth of 740 m below the surface. The mined coal seam is situated below the previously mined part of the multi-seam deposit. This study aims to provide a geomechanical explanation for ground surface uplift observed during longwall mining. The source of surface uplifts were deep inside the rock mass, therefore, enabling only the examination of geological, geomechanical, seismic, and technical mining data for uplift occurrence analysis. Therefore, the spatiotemporal evaluation of the observed vertical displacement and induced seismicity data was processed, and the observed ground surface was compared with empirical subsidence. Two time periods with surface uplifts during longwall mining were evaluated. Thick, competent rock layers, together with specific geomechanical conditions, were identified as the main characteristics responsible for the uplift.

在捷克共和国上西里西亚煤盆地捷克部分的硬煤矿 Lazy 矿的长壁开采过程中检测到地表隆起。最大隆起为 218 毫米，基于通过将地表点与非矿区高度进行比较的地表点平整度。这种隆起发生在亚临界采矿期间，平均深度为地表以下 740 m。开采的煤层位于多煤层矿床先前开采的部分下方。本研究旨在为长壁开采过程中观察到的地表隆起提供地质力学解释。地表隆起的来源在岩体深处，因此只能进行地质、地质力学、地震和技术方面的检查挖掘数据用于隆起发生分析。因此，对观测到的垂直位移和诱发地震活动数据进行了时空评估，并将观测到的地表与经验沉降进行了比较。评估了长壁开采期间地表隆起的两个时间段。厚实的岩层以及特定的地质力学条件被确定为造成隆起的主要特征。