The impact of climate change on diversity, functioning and biogeography of marine plankton remains a major unresolved issue. Here environmental niches are evidenced for plankton communities at the genomic scale for six size fractions from viruses to meso-zooplankton. The spatial extrapolation of these niches portrays ocean partitionings south of 60° N into climato-genomic provinces characterized by signature genomes. By 2090, under the RCP8.5 future climate scenario, provinces are reorganized over half of the ocean area considered, and almost all provinces are displaced poleward. Particularly, tropical provinces expand at the expense of temperate ones. Sea surface temperature is identified as the main driver of changes (50%), followed by phosphate (11%) and salinity (10%). Compositional shifts among key planktonic groups suggest impacts on the nitrogen and carbon cycles. Provinces are linked to estimates of carbon export fluxes which are projected to decrease, on average, by 4% in response to biogeographical restructuring.

气候变化对海洋浮游生物多样性、功能和生物地理学的影响仍然是一个尚未解决的重大问题。在这里，从病毒到中型浮游动物的六种大小部分的浮游生物群落的基因组规模证明了环境生态位。这些生态位的空间外推描绘了 60° N 以南的海洋分区到气候基因组以特征基因组为特征的省份。到 2090 年，在 RCP8.5 未来气候情景下，省重组超过一半的海洋区域，几乎所有省份都向极地移动。特别是，热带省份的扩张是以温带省份为代价的。海表温度被确定为变化的主要驱动因素（50%），其次是磷酸盐（11%）和盐度（10%）。主要浮游群体之间的组成变化表明对氮和碳循环的影响。各省与碳出口通量的估计相关，预计该通量将因生物地理结构调整而平均减少 4%。