Marine species are moving rapidly in response to warming, often in different directions and with variations dependent on location and depth. Given the current impetus to increase the area of protected ocean to 30%, conservation planning must include the 64% of the ocean beyond national jurisdictions, which in turn requires associated design challenges for conventional conservation to be addressed. Here we present a planning approach for the high seas that conserves biodiversity, minimizes exposure to climate change, retains species within reserve boundaries and reduces conflict with fishing. This is developed using data from across four depth domains, considering 12,932 vertebrate, invertebrate and algal species and three climate scenarios. The resultant climate-smart conservation areas cover 6% of the high seas and represent a low-regret option that provides a nucleus for developing a full network of high-seas marine reserves.

海洋物种正在迅速移动以应对变暖，通常在不同的方向上，并且变化取决于位置和深度。鉴于目前将受保护海洋面积增加到 30% 的推动力，保护规划必须包括国家管辖范围以外 64% 的海洋，这反过来又需要解决常规保护的相关设计挑战。在这里，我们提出了一种保护生物多样性、最大限度地减少气候变化影响、将物种保留在保护区边界内并减少与捕鱼的冲突的公海规划方法。这是使用来自四个深度域的数据开发的，考虑了 12,932 种脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和藻类物种以及三种气候情景。