• A self-powered liquid–solid interface ferrofluid-based triboelectric tactile sensor with immediately formed spike-shaped microstructure is proposed.

• Due to the high spike microstructure, low Young’s modulus of ferrofluid and efficient solid–liquid interface contact-electrification, an ultrahigh sensitivity of 21.48 kPa⁻¹ for the triboelectric sensors can be achieved.

• A strategy for personalized password lock with high security level is demonstrated.

中文翻译：

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具有 21.48 kPa−1 超高灵敏度的基于液固界面的摩擦电触觉传感器

• 提出了一种基于自供电液-固界面铁磁流体的摩擦电触觉传感器，该传感器具有立即形成的尖峰形微结构。

• 由于高尖峰微观结构、铁磁流体的低杨氏模量和高效的固液界面接触带电，摩擦电传感器可实现21.48 kPa ^{-1的超高灵敏度。}

• 展示了一种高安全级别的个性化密码锁策略。