Objective: 

Previous studies have reported varying rates of regression in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We sought to (1) determine the rate of clinician-diagnosed regression for young children with ASD and (2) compare developmental functioning and ASD symptoms of children with versus without regression.

Methods: 

We conducted a retrospective chart review of toddlers (age 18–36 months) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 ASD. We abstracted cognitive, language, adaptive, and motor functioning standard scores and ASD core symptoms. Regression was defined as “clinician-diagnosed regression accompanied by recommendation for a medical workup.” We used propensity scores to match each participant with regression (n = 20) one-to-one with a participant without regression (n = 20). We compared the groups on developmental scores using independent sample t tests and on core ASD symptoms using Pearson's χ² test.

Results: 

Of the 500 children with ASD, n = 20 (4%) had regression (defined above). Children with regression had lower Bayley cognitive and language scores and lower Vineland adaptive scores compared with those without regression (cognitive: 78.0 vs 85.5, p < 0.05; language: 56.9 vs 68.2, p < 0.01; adaptive: 70.0 vs 80.3; p < 0.01). There was no difference in motor scores across groups. There were no significant differences in the frequency of exhibiting core ASD symptoms for those with versus without regression.

Conclusion: 

In this clinical sample of children with ASD, regression was diagnosed in a small percentage (4%). Those with regression had lower cognitive, language, and adaptive skills compared with those without regression. Rates of clinician-diagnosed regression referred for medical workup are significantly lower than prior estimates based on parent report.

中文翻译：

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幼儿自闭症谱系障碍诊断时临床医生诊断回归的描述

客观的： 

此前的研究报告显示，患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童的回归速度各不相同。我们试图 (1) 确定临床医生诊断自闭症谱系障碍(ASD) 幼儿的回归率，以及 (2) 比较患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童与未患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD) 儿童的发育功能和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 症状。

方法： 

我们使用Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 ASD对幼儿（18-36 个月）进行了回顾性图表审查。我们提取了认知、语言、适应性和运动功能标准分数以及 ASD 核心症状。回归被定义为“临床医生诊断的回归并伴有医疗检查的建议”。我们使用倾向得分将每个有回归的参与者 (n = 20) 与没有回归的参与者(n = 20)一对一匹配。我们使用独立样本t检验比较各组的发育评分，并使用 Pearson χ ²检验比较各组的核心 ASD 症状。

结果： 

在 500 名患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童中，n = 20 (4%) 出现了退化（如上定义）。与没有回归的儿童相比，回归的儿童贝利认知和语言得分较低，瓦恩兰适应性得分也较低（认知：78.0 vs 85.5，p < 0.05；语言：56.9 vs 68.2，p < 0.01；适应性：70.0 vs 80.3；p < 0.01 ）。各组之间的运动评分没有差异。对于那些有退化的人和没有退化的人来说，表现出核心自闭症谱系障碍症状的频率没有显着差异。

结论： 

在自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童的临床样本中，只有一小部分 (4%) 被诊断为退化。与没有退化的人相比，有退化的人的认知、语言和适应能力较低。临床医生诊断的回归进行医疗检查的比率明显低于根据家长报告先前估计的比率。