Lipids and lipoproteins, their metabolism, and their transport are essential contributing factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as they regulate plasma cholesterol concentration, enhancing cholesterol uptake by macrophages, leading to foam cell formation and ultimately resulting in plaque formation and inflammation. However, lipids and lipoproteins have cardioprotective functions as well, such as preventing oxidation of proatherogenic molecules and downregulating inflammatory proteins.

中文翻译：

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心血管疾病中的脂质和脂蛋白：分类

脂质和脂蛋白、它们的代谢和运输是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的重要促成因素，因为它们调节血浆胆固醇浓度，增强巨噬细胞对胆固醇的摄取，导致泡沫细胞形成并最终导致斑块形成和炎症。然而，脂质和脂蛋白也具有心脏保护功能，例如防止促动脉粥样硬化分子的氧化和下调炎症蛋白。