Refugees are disproportionately affected by extreme traumatic events that can violate core beliefs and life goals (i.e., global meaning) and cause significant distress. This mixed-methods study used an exploratory sequential design to assess meaning violations in a sample of Syrian refugees living in Portugal. For this purpose, we cross-culturally adapted the Global Meaning Violations Scale (GMVS) for use with Arabic-speaking refugees. In total, 43 war-affected Syrian adults participated in the two-phase study. Participants completed measures of trauma and narrated violations as they filled out the newly adapted GMVS-ArabV. GMVS-ArabV validity evidence based on response processes was investigated through Phase 1 focus groups (FGs; n = 2), whereas data from Phase 2 cognitive interviews (n = 38) were used to preliminarily explore the measure's internal structure through descriptive statistics as well as culture- and trauma-informed content evidence through thematic analysis. The results suggested highest goal (M = 3.51, SD = 1.46) and lowest belief (M = 2.38, SD = 1.59) violations of educational goals and religious beliefs, respectively. Themes related to stressors, item formulation, response scale, and the global meaning construct suggested that (a) beliefs and goals can be differentially violated by different stressors; (b) much like war trauma, including torture, daily stressors can additionally shatter pretrauma global meaning; and (c) refugees reappraise meaning and suffer violations anew throughout their migration journeys. The GMVS-ArabV offers a promising tool for exploring shattered cognitions in refugees and informs evidence-based approaches to trauma recovery and psychological adjustment in postmigration settings (the Arabic abstract and keywords are available in the Supplementary Materials).

中文翻译：

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评估叙利亚难民的意义违规：全球意义违规量表的混合方法跨文化适应-ArabV

难民不成比例地受到极端创伤事件的影响，这些事件可能违反核心信念和生活目标（即全球意义）并造成重大痛苦。这项混合方法研究使用探索性顺序设计来评估居住在葡萄牙的叙利亚难民样本中的意义违反情况。为此，我们对全球意义违规量表 (GMVS) 进行了跨文化调整，以用于讲阿拉伯语的难民。总共有 43 名受战争影响的叙利亚成年人参与了这项分两阶段的研究。参与者在填写新改编的 GMVS-ArabV 时完成了创伤测量并叙述了违规行为。基于响应过程的 GMVS-ArabV 有效性证据通过第 1 阶段焦点小组（FGs；n  = 2）进行调查，而第 2 阶段认知访谈的数据（n = 38）用于通过描述性统计以及通过主题分析的文化和创伤知情内容证据初步探索测量的内部结构。结果表明最高目标（M  = 3.51，SD  = 1.46）和最低信念（M  = 2.38，SD = 1.59) 分别违反教育目标和宗教信仰。与压力源、项目制定、反应量表和整体意义结构相关的主题表明（a）不同的压力源可能会不同地违反信念和目标；(b) 就像战争创伤（包括酷刑）一样，日常压力也会破坏创伤前的全球意义；(c) 难民重新评估意义，并在整个移民旅程中重新遭受侵犯。GMVS-ArabV 为探索难民破碎的认知提供了一个很有前途的工具，并为移民后环境中的创伤恢复和心理调整提供了基于证据的方法（阿拉伯文摘要和关键词可在补充材料中找到）。