The relationship between trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) is well-documented, but less is known about factors that contribute to the expression of PTSS following community violence exposure, particularly among emerging adults of color. Utilizing the Person-Environment Interaction model (Slaug et al., 2018), this study examined the role of relational factors, specifically ethnic identity, community cohesion, and social support, associated with PTSS following exposure to community violence. Participants included 243 emerging adult university students of color (Mage = 20.27, SD = 1.95, 83.5% female). Linear regression analyses indicated that less frequent trauma exposure and greater perceived social support were related to lower PTSS. A significant interaction was also found between social support and exposure to community violence, such that at low levels of social support, individuals with more community violence exposure had the highest levels of PTSS. Regression and moderation analyses indicated that ethnic identity and community cohesion were not significantly associated with PTSS in this sample. Findings highlight the importance of incorporating social support strategies in treatments for PTSS following community violence exposure.

中文翻译：

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与暴露于社区暴力的有色人种新兴成年人的创伤后压力相关的关系因素。

创伤暴露与创伤后应激症状 (PTSS) 之间的关系有据可查，但对社区暴力暴露后导致 PTSS 表达的因素知之甚少，尤其是在有色人种的新兴成年人中。本研究利用人与环境互动模型（Slaug 等人，2018 年），研究了与暴露于社区暴力后的 PTSS 相关的关系因素，特别是种族认同、社区凝聚力和社会支持的作用。参与者包括 243 名成年有色人种大学生（法师 = 20.27，标准差 = 1.95，女性占 83.5%）。线性回归分析表明，较少的创伤暴露和较多的社会支持与较低的 PTSS 相关。还发现社会支持与社区暴力暴露之间存在显着的相互作用，因此在社会支持水平较低的情况下，社区暴力暴露较多的个体的 PTSS 水平最高。回归和适度分析表明，在这个样本中，种族认同和社区凝聚力与 PTSS 没有显着相关性。研究结果强调了在社区暴力暴露后将社会支持策略纳入 PTSS 治疗的重要性。