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Biophysical indicators and Indigenous and Local Knowledge reveal climatic and ecological shifts with implications for Arctic Char fisheries
Global Environmental Change ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102469
Marianne Falardeau , Elena M. Bennett , Brent Else , Aaron Fisk , C.J. Mundy , Emily S. Choy , Mohamed M.M. Ahmed , Les N. Harris , Jean-Sébastien Moore

Managing Arctic marine resources to be resilient to environmental changes requires knowledge of how climate change is affecting marine food webs and fisheries. Changes to fishery resources will have major implications for coastal Indigenous communities whose livelihoods, health, and cultures are strongly connected to fisheries. Understanding these broad social-ecological changes requires a transdisciplinary approach bringing together contrasting and complementary disciplines and ways of knowing. Here, we examine climatic proxies, ecological, and fishery indicators (stable isotopes, fish condition, and lipid content), and interviews with Inuit fishers to assess how marine ecosystem changes have influenced Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) ecology and fisheries over a 30-year time period (1987–2016) in the Kitikmeot region of the Canadian Arctic. Inuit fishers reported several observations of environmental changes, including longer ice-free seasons, warmer ocean temperatures, and the arrival of new marine species. Biophysical data revealed important changes toward earlier dates of ice breakup (>12 days in some areas) and a shift in isotopic niche reflecting a changing Arctic Char diet, with increased contribution of pelagic carbon and higher trophic level prey. Fish condition was improved in years with earlier ice breakup, as observed by both Inuit fishers and biophysical indicators, while lipid content increased through time, suggesting that longer ice-free seasons may have a positive effect on Arctic Char quality as reflected by both fish condition and lipid content. Long-term impacts of continuing climate change, however, such as the northward expansion of boreal species and increasing ocean temperatures, could have negative effects on fisheries (e.g., physiological impairment in fish if temperatures exceed their thermal range). Continuous community-based monitoring that directly informs fisheries management could help communities and managers adaptively, and sustainably, manage in the face of multiple interacting changes in Arctic marine systems.



中文翻译:

生物物理指标和土著和地方知识揭示气候和生态变化对北极红点渔业有影响

管理北极海洋资源以适应环境变化需要了解气候变化如何影响海洋食物网和渔业。渔业资源的变化将对沿海土著社区产生重大影响,他们的生计、健康和文化与渔业密切相关。理解这些广泛的社会生态变化需要一种跨学科的方法,将对比和互补的学科和认知方式结合起来。在这里,我们检查了气候代理、生态和渔业指标(稳定同位素、鱼类状况和脂质含量),并采访了因纽特渔民,以评估海洋生态系统变化如何影响北极红点鲑(Salvelinus alpinus )) 加拿大北极地区 Kitikmeot 地区 30 年期间(1987-2016 年)的生态和渔业。因纽特渔民报告了对环境变化的几项观察,包括更长的无冰季节、更高的海洋温度以及新海洋物种的到来。生物物理数据揭示了较早的破冰日期(某些地区> 12天)和同位素生态位的变化,反映了北极红鲑饮食的变化,远洋碳和更高营养级猎物的贡献增加。正如因纽特渔民和生物物理指标所观察到的那样,随着早期冰层破裂,鱼类状况得到了改善,而脂质含量随着时间的推移而增加,这表明更长的无冰季节可能对北极红点的质量产生积极影响,这两种鱼类状况都反映了这一点和脂质含量。然而,持续气候变化的长期影响,例如北方物种向北扩张和海洋温度升高,可能对渔业产生负面影响(例如,如果温度超过其温度范围,鱼类的生理受损)。直接为渔业管理提供信息的基于社区的持续监测可以帮助社区和管理者适应性地、可持续地管理北极海洋系统中多重相互作用的变化。

更新日期:2022-03-31
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