Plastic film mulch alters the soil environment and improves crop production. Although the response of aboveground parts of agroecosystems to plastic film mulch has been extensively studied, no studies have investigated the response of the soil microbiome to plastic film mulch and its effect on crop yield. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of 536 observations to elucidate the response of the soil microbial community to plastic film mulch. Plastic film mulch significantly increased soil microbial alpha-diversity (Shannon: +0.043, 95% CI: +0.022 to + 0.064; richness: +0.037, 95% CI: +0.007 to + 0.067), abundance (+0.104, 95% CI: +0.070 to + 0.139), and eco-functionality (+0.129, 95% CI: +0.087 to + 0.170). In neutral pH soil and field combined plastic film mulch with ridge–furrow tillage, plastic film mulch had a significant impact on microbial richness. Microbial abundance increased significantly when chemical fertilizer was used, but not when organic fertilizer was used. The effect of low-level nitrogen on N acquisition enzyme actives is greater than that of medium and high nitrogen input. Thick film mulch produced a larger positive response in microbial abundance, C acquisition, and oxidative enzyme activities than thin film mulch. Changes in microbial functionality were decoupled with diversity, while in tandem with its abundance and community structure. The increases in microbial C acquisition, N acquisition, and oxidative enzyme activities were significantly linked to yield. Our findings highlight the beneficial effects of plastic film mulch on the soil microbial community and have further implications for the development of soil health-friendly agricultural management.

地膜覆盖改变土壤环境并提高作物产量。尽管已经广泛研究了农业生态系统地上部分对地膜覆盖的响应，但没有研究调查土壤微生物组对地膜覆盖的响应及其对作物产量的影响。在这里，我们对 536 个观察结果进行了荟萃分析，以阐明土壤微生物群落对塑料薄膜覆盖物的反应。地膜覆盖显着增加土壤微生物 α 多样性（香农：+0.043, 95% CI：+0.022 至 + 0.064；丰富度：+0.037, 95% CI：+0.007 至 + 0.067），丰度（+0.104, 95% CI ：+0.070 至 + 0.139）和生态功能（+0.129，95% CI：+0.087 至 + 0.170）。在中性 pH 土壤和田间地膜复合地膜垄沟耕作中，地膜覆盖对微生物丰富度有显着影响。施用化肥时微生物丰度显着增加，而施用有机肥时微生物丰度不显着增加。低氮对氮获取酶活性的影响大于中高氮输入。与薄膜覆盖相比，厚膜覆盖在微生物丰度、碳获取和氧化酶活性方面产生了更大的积极响应。微生物功能的变化与多样性脱钩，同时与其丰度和群落结构相一致。微生物 C 获取、N 获取和氧化酶活性的增加与产量显着相关。