Two challenging scientific disciplines, i.e., the physics of glasses [Anderson, Science 267, 1615 (1995); Kennedy and Norman, Science 309, 75 (2005)] and interface chemistry [Sanders, 125 Questions: Exploration and Discovery (Science/AAAS, 2021); Yates and Campbell, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108, 911 (2011)], converge in research on the dynamics of glass surfaces. In recent decades, studies have revealed that glasses exhibit profound alterations in their dynamics within nanometers of interfaces. Rather, at the free surfaces of glassy materials with arrested bulk dynamics, a highly mobile ultrathin layer is present, wherein molecular mobility is much faster than in the bulk. Enhanced surface mobility has become an important scientific concept and is intrinsic and universal to various categories of glasses (e.g., molecular, metallic, and polymeric glasses), thus having technological implications for processing and applications of glasses. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the historical evolution of the concept, characterization, theoretical modeling, and unique features of dynamics at the surfaces of glasses. Additionally, this paper also illustrates potential advantages of incorporating this concept into designing improved materials with extraordinary properties. We hope this review article will contribute to the current understanding of the unique surface dynamics of glassy materials.

中文翻译：

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眼镜的表面动力学

两个具有挑战性的科学学科，即眼镜物理学 [Anderson, Science 267, 1615 (1995)；Kennedy 和 Norman, Science 309, 75 (2005)] 和界面化学 [Sanders, 125 Questions: Exploration and Discovery (Science/AAAS, 2021)；耶茨和坎贝尔，PROC。国家队。学院。科学。USA 108, 911 (2011)]，专注于玻璃表面动力学的研究。近几十年来，研究表明，玻璃在纳米界面内的动力学表现出深刻的变化。相反，在块体动力学受阻的玻璃材料的自由表面，存在高度移动的超薄层，其中分子移动性比块体快得多。增强的表面流动性已成为一个重要的科学概念，并且是各种玻璃类别（例如，分子玻璃、金属玻璃、和聚合物玻璃），因此对玻璃的加工和应用具有技术意义。这篇综述全面总结了玻璃表面动力学的概念、表征、理论建模和独特特征的历史演变。此外，本文还说明了将这一概念纳入设计具有非凡性能的改进材料的潜在优势。我们希望这篇评论文章将有助于当前对玻璃材料独特表面动力学的理解。以及眼镜表面独特的动力学特征。此外，本文还说明了将这一概念纳入设计具有非凡性能的改进材料的潜在优势。我们希望这篇评论文章将有助于当前对玻璃材料独特表面动力学的理解。以及眼镜表面独特的动力学特征。此外，本文还说明了将这一概念纳入设计具有非凡性能的改进材料的潜在优势。我们希望这篇评论文章将有助于当前对玻璃材料独特表面动力学的理解。