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Identifying latent classes of empowerment among early adolescent girls and the factors that cultivate them: Evidence from a community-based skills training program.
Journal of Adolescence ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-02-04 , DOI: 10.1002/jad.12014
Christina Misunas 1 , Sajeda Amin 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Efforts to empower adolescent girls remain constrained by confusion around how to conceptually define empowerment and how to design interventions. More research, particularly among young adolescents, is needed that considers contextual and age-specific circumstances. This paper examines the latent classes of empowerment among early adolescent girls in Bangladesh and factors associated with membership in these classes. Using data from the Bangladeshi Association for Life Skills, Income, and Knowledge for Adolescents project, a four-arm randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate different community-based approaches for adolescents' skills development, we identify the latent classes before and after intervention and explore whether girls' membership in the study arms was associated with latent class membership at endline. METHODS To identify underlying subgroups among the sample, we conducted latent class analysis at baseline and endline using indicators of seven different constructs of empowerment based on the literature. Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, we assessed whether respondents' background characteristics and membership in the study arms were predictive of latent class membership at both timepoints. RESULTS A three-class model at baseline and a four-class model at endline showed optimal fit. In both models, three distinct latent classes were observed: (1) a least empowered class, (2) a mobile, socially active class, and (3) a socially progressive class. At endline, a fourth class emerged-the most empowered-that was mobile, socially active, and socially progressive. Girls' marital status, religion, and parents' level of education predicted latent class membership; household wealth was predictive at baseline, but not endline. Study arm was also associated with class membership at endline: girls in the Gender-Rights Awareness Arm had the highest probability of belonging to the fourth, most empowered class. CONCLUSION This paper identifies and characterizes latent classes of empowerment that exist among the sample before and after the intervention. The apparent differential effects of interventions in predicting latent class membership have implications for community-based programming. Findings suggest that skills-building curriculum focused on promoting gender equitable norms, voice, and agency has potential to influence early adolescent girls across multiple dimensions of empowerment.

中文翻译:

确定早期青春期女孩的潜在赋权类别及其培养因素:来自基于社区的技能培训计划的证据。

背景 赋予青春期女孩权力的努力仍然受到围绕如何从概念上定义赋权以及如何设计干预措施的混淆的限制。需要进行更多的研究,特别是针对青少​​年的研究,以考虑背景和特定年龄的情况。本文研究了孟加拉国早期少女的潜在赋权类别以及与这些类别成员相关的因素。利用孟加拉国青少年生活技能、收入和知识协会项目的数据,这是一项四臂随机对照试验,旨在评估基于社区的不同青少年技能发展方法,我们确定干预前后的潜在类别并探索女孩在研究组中的成员身份是否与最终的潜在班级成员身份相关。方法 为了识别样本中的潜在亚组,我们在基线和终点进行了潜在类别分析,使用基于文献的七种不同授权结构的指标。使用多项逻辑回归分析,我们评估了受访者的背景特征和研究组中的成员是否可以预测两个时间点的潜在类别成员。结果 基线的三类模型和端线的四类模型显示出最佳拟合。在这两个模型中,观察到三个不同的潜在类别:(1)权力最小的类别,(2)流动的、社会活跃的类别,以及(3)社会进步的类别。在终点线,出现了第四类——最有权力的——它是流动的、社会活跃的和社会进步的。女孩的婚姻状况、宗教和父母的 教育水平预测潜在的阶级成员;家庭财富在基线时是可预测的,但不是终点线。研究组也与最终的班级成员有关:性别权利意识组的女孩属于第四个,最有权力的班级的可能性最高。结论 本文识别并描述了干预前后样本中存在的潜在授权类别。干预对预测潜在阶级成员的明显不同影响对基于社区的规划有影响。研究结果表明,侧重于促进性别平等规范、发言权和机构的技能建设课程有可能在赋权的多个方面影响早期少女。家庭财富在基线时是可预测的,但不是终点线。研究组也与最终的班级成员有关:性别权利意识组的女孩属于第四个,最有权力的班级的可能性最高。结论 本文识别并描述了干预前后样本中存在的潜在授权类别。干预对预测潜在阶级成员的明显不同影响对基于社区的规划有影响。研究结果表明,侧重于促进性别平等规范、发言权和机构的技能建设课程有可能在赋权的多个方面影响早期少女。家庭财富在基线时是可预测的,但不是终点线。研究组也与最终的班级成员有关:性别权利意识组的女孩属于第四个,最有权力的班级的可能性最高。结论 本文识别并描述了干预前后样本中存在的潜在授权类别。干预对预测潜在阶级成员的明显不同影响对基于社区的规划有影响。研究结果表明,侧重于促进性别平等规范、发言权和机构的技能建设课程有可能在赋权的多个方面影响早期少女。Gender-Rights Awareness Arm 中的女孩最有可能属于第四类,也是最有权力的一类。结论 本文识别并描述了干预前后样本中存在的潜在授权类别。干预对预测潜在阶级成员的明显不同影响对基于社区的规划有影响。研究结果表明,侧重于促进性别平等规范、发言权和机构的技能建设课程有可能在赋权的多个方面影响早期少女。Gender-Rights Awareness Arm 中的女孩最有可能属于第四类,也是最有权力的一类。结论 本文识别并描述了干预前后样本中存在的潜在授权类别。干预对预测潜在阶级成员的明显不同影响对基于社区的规划有影响。研究结果表明,侧重于促进性别平等规范、发言权和机构的技能建设课程有可能在赋权的多个方面影响早期少女。干预对预测潜在阶级成员的明显不同影响对基于社区的规划有影响。研究结果表明,侧重于促进性别平等规范、发言权和机构的技能建设课程有可能在赋权的多个方面影响早期少女。干预对预测潜在阶级成员的明显不同影响对基于社区的规划有影响。研究结果表明,侧重于促进性别平等规范、发言权和机构的技能建设课程有可能在赋权的多个方面影响早期少女。
更新日期:2022-02-04
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