Livestock can affect physical and chemical soil properties, depending on both stocking rates, and intrinsic soil properties. This study aimed to analyze changes in physicochemical properties in volcanic soils under silvopastoral systems. Two contrasting study sites were selected in Patagonia, Argentina, where Nothofagus antarctica silvopastoral systems develop on volcanic soils with different moisture regimes: Udands and Xerands. In each site, four treatments were considered according to canopy openness and accessibility for livestock: closed forests (control), open forests, 5-year exclosures in open forests, and finally, degraded areas affected by large-scale disturbances (i.e., grazing + clear cutting + fire). Localized stocking rate was estimated, and soil properties were analyzed at two depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm). Results showed that physicochemical properties were slightly modified by silvopastoral use, with no critical values found, except for penetration resistance. Soil types behaved differently: while Udands were more fertile and resilient, Xerands were more susceptible to livestock impact, and localized stocking rate was a good short-scale soil degradation indicator for these soils. Although grazing negatively affected soil fertility, increments in carbon stock, nitrogen, and phosphorus were found in Xerands. Besides, an evident improvement in physical soil properties in the short term (5 years) was found in Udands when livestock was excluded. Despite the high resilience of udic volcanic soils under silvopastoral use, total organic matter and organic matter associated with macroaggregates severely decreased. Such decrease occurred especially when grazing was overlapped with other impacts, leading to the loss of forest cover, regardless the soil moisture regime. Nothofagus antarctica forests on volcanic soils seem to form a system capable of sustaining silvopastoral use with controlled stocking rate, but they are highly vulnerable to major impacts.

牲畜可以影响土壤的物理和化学性质，这取决于放养率和土壤固有性质。本研究旨在分析林牧系统下火山土壤理化性质的变化。在阿根廷的巴塔哥尼亚选择了两个对比鲜明的研究地点，其中Nothofagus antarctica林牧系统在具有不同水分状况的火山土壤上发展：Udands 和 Xerands。在每个地点，根据冠层开放性和牲畜的可达性考虑了四种处理：封闭森林（对照）、开放森林、开放森林中的 5 年封闭，最后是受大规模干扰影响的退化区域（即放牧 +清除切割+火）。估计了局部放养率，并在两个深度（0-10 和 10-20 厘米）分析了土壤特性。结果表明，林牧用途对理化性质略有改变，除抗穿透性外，未发现临界值。土壤类型表现不同：虽然 Udands 更肥沃、更有弹性，但 Xerands 更容易受到牲畜的影响，对于这些土壤，局部放养率是一个很好的短期土壤退化指标。尽管放牧对土壤肥力产生负面影响，但在 Xerands 中发现了碳储量、氮和磷的增加。此外，在不包括牲畜的情况下，Udands 的土壤物理性质在短期（5 年）内有明显改善。尽管在林牧用途下 udic 火山土壤具有很高的恢复力，但总有机质和与大团聚体相关的有机质严重下降。这种减少尤其发生在放牧与其他影响重叠时，导致森林覆盖的丧失，无论土壤水分状况如何。在不包括牲畜的情况下，在 Udands 发现了短期（5 年）土壤物理性质的明显改善。尽管在林牧用途下 udic 火山土壤具有很高的恢复力，但总有机质和与大团聚体相关的有机质严重下降。这种减少尤其发生在放牧与其他影响重叠时，导致森林覆盖的丧失，无论土壤水分状况如何。在不包括牲畜的情况下，在 Udands 发现了短期（5 年）土壤物理性质的明显改善。尽管在林牧用途下 udic 火山土壤具有很高的恢复力，但总有机质和与大团聚体相关的有机质严重下降。这种减少尤其发生在放牧与其他影响重叠时，导致森林覆盖的丧失，无论土壤水分状况如何。火山土壤上的Nothofagus antarctica森林似乎形成了一个能够在控制放养率的情况下维持林牧利用的系统，但它们极易受到重大影响。