Bactrocera oleae is the main pest in olive groves, and its management requires a sustainable perspective to reduce the use of chemical products. Landscape context is being considered as an important driver of pest reduction, but results on B. oleae show inconsistency to date. Most of landscape-pest control studies focus on the dynamics of the pests within the focal crop, ignoring these dynamics in other land uses. Here we present a study in which we analyze the seasonal population dynamics of the olive pest B. oleae in the most important land uses of a typical olive landscape in Portugal. We found that B. oleae is present in all the land uses and the dynamics are very similar to those in the olive groves. However, the presence of these land uses in the landscape did not display any increase in B. oleae abundance within the olive groves. In contrast, a landscape mainly composed by olive groves increased the abundance of this pest. Importantly, more diverse landscapes surrounding olive groves reduce the abundance of the olive fly. Based on these findings, we can conclude that B. oleae is present in all the land uses of the studied landscape but that this presence does not imply an increase of B. oleae in olive groves. Indeed, other land uses can promote landscape diversification which is a driver of the reduction of B. oleae populations in olive groves. We thus encourage olive stakeholders to increase landscape diversification around their farms by promoting/restoring other crops/habitats.

Bactrocera oleae是橄榄树林中的主要害虫，其管理需要从可持续的角度来减少化学产品的使用。景观环境被认为是减少害虫的一个重要驱动因素，但迄今为止对油菜芽孢杆菌的结果显示不一致。大多数景观害虫防治研究都关注重点作物中害虫的动态，而忽略了其他土地利用中的这些动态。在这里，我们提出了一项研究，其中我们分析了橄榄害虫B. oleae在葡萄牙典型橄榄景观的最重要土地利用中的季节性种群动态。我们发现B. oleae存在于所有土地利用中，其动态与橄榄树林中的动态非常相似。然而，这些土地利用在景观中的存在并未显示橄榄园内 B. oleae丰度的任何增加。相比之下，主要由橄榄树组成的景观增加了这种害虫的数量。重要的是，橄榄园周围更多样化的景观减少了橄榄蝇的数量。基于这些发现，我们可以得出结论，B. oleae存在于所研究景观的所有土地利用中，但这种存在并不意味着橄榄树林中B. oleae的增加。事实上，其他土地用途可以促进景观多样化，这是减少油菜芽孢杆菌的驱动力橄榄树林中的人口。因此，我们鼓励橄榄利益相关者通过促进/恢复其他作物/栖息地来增加其农场周围的景观多样化。