Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotic used against conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. As a consequence, chloramphenicol ends up polluting the aquatic environment, wastewater treatment plants, and hospital wastewaters, thus disrupting ecosystems and inducing microbial resistance. Here, we review the occurrence, toxicity, and removal of chloramphenicol with emphasis on adsorption techniques. We present the adsorption performance of adsorbents such as biochar, activated carbon, porous carbon, metal–organic framework, composites, zeolites, minerals, molecularly imprinted polymers, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The effect of dose, pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time is discussed. Adsorption is controlled by π–π interactions, donor–acceptor interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. We also discuss isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamic data, selection of eluents, desorption efficiency, and regeneration of adsorbents. Porous carbon-based adsorbents exhibit excellent adsorption capacities of 500–1240 mg g⁻¹. Most adsorbents can be reused over at least four cycles.

氯霉素是一种广谱细菌抗生素，用于治疗结膜炎、脑膜炎、鼠疫、霍乱和伤寒。因此，氯霉素最终会污染水环境、废水处理厂和医院废水，从而破坏生态系统并诱导微生物耐药性。在这里，我们回顾了氯霉素的发生、毒性和去除，重点是吸附技术。我们展示了吸附剂的吸附性能，例如生物炭、活性炭、多孔碳、金属有机骨架、复合材料、沸石、矿物、分子印迹聚合物和多壁碳纳米管。讨论了剂量、pH、温度、初始浓度和接触时间的影响。吸附受 π-π 相互作用、供体-受体相互作用、氢键、和静电相互作用。我们还讨论了等温线、动力学、热力学数据、洗脱液的选择、解吸效率和吸附剂的再生。多孔碳基吸附剂表现出优异的吸附能力，为 500-1240 mg g^-1。大多数吸附剂可以重复使用至少四个循环。