Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprised of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that closely related to immune dysfunction. Macrophages are the key gatekeeper of intestinal immune homeostasis and have vital influence on IBD. Hence, macrophages have been recognized as attractive targets to develop new therapeutic approaches for the disease. Recently, the growing field of immunometabolism has reinforced that metabolism reprogramming is a key determinant that dictates macrophage functions and subsequent disease progression. Herein, we elaborated how metabolic alterations underlie intestinal macrophage phenotype and function during IBD, and how microenvironmental cues trigger their metabolic reprogramming processes. More importantly, we deciphered the distinguishing characteristic of macrophage immunometabolism in IBD from other inflammatory diseases, and also summarized potential therapeutic approaches for IBD by manipulating cellular metabolism of macrophages. Finally, we discussed the major opportunities and challenges of harnessing metabolism to modulate aberrant macrophage responses in IBD. Altogether, our overview provides a framework for understanding the critical roles and potential therapeutic targets of macrophage immunometabolism in IBD.

炎症性肠病（IBD）由溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病组成，是一种与免疫功能障碍密切相关的胃肠道慢性复发性炎症性疾病。巨噬细胞是肠道免疫稳态的关键看门人，对 IBD 具有重要影响。因此，巨噬细胞已被认为是开发该疾病新治疗方法的有吸引力的靶标。最近，不断发展的免疫代谢领域强化了代谢重编程是决定巨噬细胞功能和随后疾病进展的关键决定因素。在这里，我们详细阐述了代谢改变如何成为 IBD 期间肠道巨噬细胞表型和功能的基础，以及微环境线索如何触发其代谢重编程过程。更重要的是，我们破译了 IBD 中巨噬细胞免疫代谢与其他炎症性疾病的区别特征，并总结了通过操纵巨噬细胞的细胞代谢来治疗 IBD 的潜在治疗方法。最后，我们讨论了利用新陈代谢调节 IBD 异常巨噬细胞反应的主要机遇和挑战。总之，我们的概述为理解 IBD 中巨噬细胞免疫代谢的关键作用和潜在治疗靶点提供了一个框架。