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Diluted bitumen-induced alterations in aerobic capacity, swimming performance, and post-exercise recovery in juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106150
Feng Lin 1 , Li Ni 1 , Christopher J Kennedy 1
Affiliation  

The transportation of heavy crudes such as diluted bitumen (dilbit) sourced from Canadian oil sands through freshwater habitat requires the generation of information that will contribute to risk assessments, spill modelling, management, and remediation for the protection of aquatic organisms. Juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were exposed acutely (96 h) or subchronically (28 d) to the water-soluble fraction (WSFd) of Cold Lake Blend dilbit at initial total polycyclic aromatic compound (TPAC) concentrations of 0, 13.7, 34.7, and 124.5 µg/L. A significant induction (>3-fold) of hepatic liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was induced by 96 h in fish exposed to [TPAC] ≥ 34.7 µg/L and at ≥13.7 µg/L for a 28 d exposure. Exposure resulted in a typical physiological stress response and disturbance of ion homeostasis; this included elevations in plasma [cortisol], [lactate], [Na+], and [Cl], and significant reductions in muscle [glycogen]. Critical swimming speed (Ucrit) was significantly reduced (28.4%) in the acute exposure at [TPAC] 124.5 µg/L; reductions of 14.2% and 35.4% were seen in fish subchronically exposed at the two highest concentrations. Reductions in Ucrit were related to significant reductions in aerobic scope (24.3-46.6%) at [TPAC]s of 34.7 and 124.5 µg/L, respectively. Exposure did not impair the ability to mount a secondary stress response following burst exercise, however, the time required for biochemical parameters to return to baseline values was prolonged. Alterations in critical systems supporting swimming, exercise recovery and the physiological stress response could result in decreased salmonid fitness and contribute to population declines if a dilbit spill occurs.



中文翻译:

稀释的沥青引起的幼年红鲑 (Oncorhynchus nerka) 有氧能力、游泳性能和运动后恢复的变化

通过淡水栖息地运输来自加拿大油砂的稀释沥青 (dilbit) 等重质原油需要生成有助于风险评估、泄漏建模、管理和修复以保护水生生物的信息。幼年红鲑鱼 ( Oncorhynchus nerka) 在初始总多环芳烃 (TPAC) 浓度为 0、13.7、34.7 和 124.5 µg/L . 在暴露于 [TPAC] ≥ 34.7 µg/L 和 ≥13.7 µg/L 28 天的鱼中,96 小时后,肝肝乙氧基试卤灵-O-脱乙基酶 (EROD) 活性显着诱导(> 3 倍) . 暴露导致典型的生理应激反应和离子稳态紊乱;这包括血浆 [皮质醇]、[乳酸]、[Na + ] 和 [Cl - ]的升高,以及肌肉 [糖原] 的显着减少。临界游泳速度(U暴击) 在 [TPAC] 124.5 µg/L 的急性暴露中显着降低 (28.4%);在两个最高浓度下亚慢性暴露的鱼中,减少了 14.2% 和 35.4%。U crit的降低与 [TPAC] 分别为 34.7 和 124.5 µg/L 的有氧范围 (24.3-46.6%) 的显着降低有关。暴露不会损害爆发运动后产生二次应激反应的能力,但是,生化参数恢复到基线值所需的时间延长了。支持游泳、运动恢复和生理应激反应的关键系统的改变可能会导致鲑鱼适应性下降,并在发生稀释剂泄漏时导致种群下降。

更新日期:2022-03-25
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