Although Agnew recently extended general strain theory (GST) to explain variation in reactions to strain, only a few studies have examined this thesis, finding limited support. Relying on a justice-involved sample, cross-lagged dynamic panel models are employed to examine the combined effects of psychopathic traits (reflecting criminal propensity) and victimization (as a key strain) on violent and property offending. Results show the independent impacts of psychopathic traits and victimization on criminal coping as well as the interactive effects of psychopathic traits and victimization on offending. These findings highlight the importance of criminal propensity and criminal victimization in criminal coping and provide evidence for the converging effects of both. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

尽管 Agnew 最近扩展了一般应变理论 (GST) 来解释应变反应的变化，但只有少数研究检验了这一论点，发现支持有限。依靠涉及司法的样本，使用交叉滞后的动态面板模型来检查精神病特征（反映犯罪倾向）和受害（作为关键压力）对暴力和财产犯罪的综合影响。结果显示了精神病特征和受害对犯罪应对的独立影响，以及精神病特征和受害对犯罪的交互影响。这些发现强调了犯罪倾向和犯罪受害在刑事应对中的重要性，并为两者的融合效应提供了证据。讨论了理论和实践意义。