Abstract:

This paper investigates the impact of economic growth on the female labor force participation rate (FLPR) in six selected South Asian countries by employing balanced panel data from 2000 to 2019. Pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel causality test is used to examine the panel causality test between economic growth and FLPR. Pooled OLS, random effects, fixed effect, PCSE, and dummy variable interaction models are used to examine the impact of economic growth. The panel causality test confirms a unidirectional relationship from economic growth to FLPR. The panel regression confirms the U-shape relationship in Pakistan, while Bangladesh, India, and Nepal predict inverse U-shape relationships. Maldives and Bhutan are showing an insignificant relationship between FLPR and economic growth. This study also indicates a joint significant and U-shaped relationship between FLPR and economic growth within six selected South Asian countries. The control variable female fertility, shows negative and significant while female education shows positive and significant impacts on FLPR. Therefore, governments of the region should frame various policies to improve the female labor market through access to education and various training programs. Further, they should provide access to child care, skill development, maternity provisions, accessible and safe transport, job reservations in different public sectors, and pattern of growth that generates more jobs.

摘要：

本文通过使用 2000 年至 2019 年的平衡面板数据，调查了经济增长对六个选定的南亚国家女性劳动力参与率 (FLPR) 的影响。成对 Dumitrescu Hurlin 面板因果关系检验用于检验经济之间的面板因果关系检验。增长和 FLPR。合并 OLS、随机效应、固定效应、PCSE 和虚拟变量交互作用模型用于检验经济增长的影响。面板因果关系检验证实了从经济增长到 FLPR 的单向关系。面板回归证实了巴基斯坦的 U 型关系，而孟加拉国、印度和尼泊尔则预测了倒 U 型关系。马尔代夫和不丹的 FLPR 与经济增长之间的关系并不显着。本研究还表明，FLPR 与六个选定的南亚国家的经济增长之间存在联合显着的 U 型关系。控制变量女性生育率显示负向且显着，而女性教育对 FLPR 显示正向且显着影响。因此，该地区政府应制定各种政策，通过接受教育和各种培训计划来改善女性劳动力市场。此外，它们应提供儿童保育、技能发展、生育规定、无障碍和安全的交通、不同公共部门的工作保留以及产生更多就业机会的增长模式。显示出负面和显着，而女性教育对 FLPR 显示出积极和显着的影响。因此，该地区政府应制定各种政策，通过接受教育和各种培训计划来改善女性劳动力市场。此外，它们应提供儿童保育、技能发展、生育规定、无障碍和安全的交通、不同公共部门的工作保留以及产生更多就业机会的增长模式。显示出负面和显着，而女性教育对 FLPR 显示出积极和显着的影响。因此，该地区政府应制定各种政策，通过接受教育和各种培训计划来改善女性劳动力市场。此外，它们应提供儿童保育、技能发展、生育规定、无障碍和安全的交通、不同公共部门的工作保留以及产生更多就业机会的增长模式。