The effects of thermal loads of multiple edge localized modes (ELMs) on the evolution of tungsten surface temperature on EAST have been performed by solving the one-dimensional (1D) heat conduction equation. First, the fundamental properties of tungsten surface temperature evolution are investigated under stationary heat loads by a 1D heat conduction program. The exposure time for the steady-state surface temperature and the corresponding surface temperature increase with the irradiated constant power density. When the power density is around 33 MW/m², the steady-state surface temperature comes up to the melting point of tungsten material. For the cases of ELMs, evolutions of irradiation power density at different ELM released energies (ΔW_ELMs) are calculated by particle-in-cell code SDPIC, which are used as input for the heat conduction program to simulate the impacts of multi-ELMs on the tungsten surface temperature evolution. The tungsten surface temperature periodically oscillates accompanied by the burst and shutoff of ELMs under multi-ELMs. The overall tendency of tungsten surface temperature rises first and then stabilizes within a certain temperature range. Parameter scans of different combinations of ΔW_ELMs and ELM frequency (f_ELMs) have been performed according to plasma conditions on EAST. The simulation results show that the tungsten surface will not suffer from melting under multi-ELMs for EAST tokamak.

中文翻译：

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EAST上多个边缘局部模式下表面温度演变的数值估计

已通过求解一维 (1D) 热传导方程来执行多个边缘局部模式 (ELM) 的热载荷对 EAST 上钨表面温度演变的影响。首先，通过一维热传导程序在固定热负荷下研究钨表面温度演化的基本特性。稳态表面温度的暴露时间和相应的表面温度随着辐照的恒定功率密度而增加。当功率密度在33 MW/m ²左右时，稳态表面温度达到钨材料的熔点。对于 ELM，不同 ELM 下辐照功率密度的演变释放能量（ΔW _ELM) 由粒子单元代码 SDPIC 计算，用作热传导程序的输入，以模拟多 ELM 对钨表面温度演变的影响。在多 ELM 下，钨表面温度伴随着 ELM 的爆发和关闭而周期性振荡。钨表面温度在一定温度范围内总体呈先上升后稳定的趋势。已根据 EAST 上的等离子体条件对 ΔW ELM 和 ELM 频率 (f ELM)_的不同组合_进行参数扫描。仿真结果表明，在 EAST 托卡马克的多 ELM 下，钨表面不会熔化。