Previous studies found that bilingual children and adults with typical language development (TLD) perform better than monolinguals in novel word learning, but show lower scores on lexical retrieval tasks (e.g., naming known words). Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) lack in their abilities in both tasks compared with children with TLD. The current study tested the interplay between bilingualism and language disorder during novel word learning and lexical retrieval. Preschoolers (N = 101; 50 boys and 51 girls; mothers' mean years of education = 16.35) in four groups (Hebrew monolinguals or Russian-Hebrew bilinguals with DLD or TLD) learned 12 novel real words (6 with a familiar referent and 6 with a novel referent) and performed a lexical retrieval task. Children exhibited significant learning with no effect of bilingualism, but a negative effect of language disorder. Thus, children with DLD performed worse than children with TLD, and this ability was not affected by bilingualism. In lexical retrieval, DLD groups scored lower than TLD groups, and critically also bilinguals scored lower than monolinguals. This differential effect of bilingualism in the two tasks suggests that bilingualism does not impede language learning mechanisms even among children with DLD. Instead, the findings suggest that lower performance in the lexical retrieval task is due to decreased frequency of exposure. By exploring both word learning and lexical retrieval, the study highlights the differential mechanisms at play in the effects of bilingualism and language disorder on the developing lexicon. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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双语和发育性语言障碍对儿童学习和处理单词的影响。

先前的研究发现，具有典型语言发展 (TLD) 的双语儿童和成人在新词学习中的表现优于单语者，但在词汇检索任务（例如，命名已知单词）上的得分较低。与患有 TLD 的儿童相比，患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童在这两项任务中都缺乏能力。目前的研究测试了在新词学习和词汇检索过程中双语和语言障碍之间的相互作用。学龄前儿童（N = 101；50 名男孩和 51 名女孩；母亲的平均受教育年限 = 16.35）在四组（希伯来语单语者或俄语-希伯来语双语者与 DLD 或 TLD）学习了 12 个新颖的真实单词（6 个具有熟悉的所指对象，6 个有一个新的参照物）并执行了词汇检索任务。儿童表现出显着的学习，没有双语的影响，而是语言障碍的负面影响。因此，患有 DLD 的儿童比患有 TLD 的儿童表现更差，并且这种能力不受双语能力的影响。在词汇检索中，DLD 组的得分低于 TLD 组，而且双语组的得分也低于单语组。双语在两项任务中的这种不同影响表明，即使在患有 DLD 的儿童中，双语也不会阻碍语言学习机制。相反，研究结果表明，词汇检索任务的较低性能是由于暴露频率降低所致。通过探索单词学习和词汇检索，该研究强调了双语和语言障碍对发展中的词汇的影响的不同机制。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。